{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166121817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62848/bjpain.v5i2.1987","title":"Thoracic Segmental Spinal Anaesthesia for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Quasi- Experimental Study","display_name":"Thoracic Segmental Spinal Anaesthesia for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Quasi- Experimental Study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166121817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62848/bjpain.v5i2.1987"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.62848/bjpain.v5i2.1987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62848/bjpain.v5i2.1987","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62848/bjpain.v5i2.1987","pdf_url":"https://www.bjpain.org/index.php/bjpain/article/download/167/97","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663366","display_name":"Bangladesh Journal of Pain.","issn_l":"3007-2433","issn":["3007-2433","3007-2441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316371","host_organization_name":"American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316371"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bangladesh Journal of Pain","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.bjpain.org/index.php/bjpain/article/download/167/97","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059641961","display_name":"Md. Nazmul Huda Naim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5592-3054","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5592-3054"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201969901","display_name":"Bangladesh Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/042mrsz23","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201969901"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Nazmul Huda Naim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Resident, Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Resident, Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201969901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139405209","display_name":"Fatema Khatun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266632","display_name":"Shaheed M. Monsur Ali Medical College, Sirajganj","ror":"https://ror.org/04agm4092","country_code":"BD","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266632"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatema Khatun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Registrar, Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Shaheed M. Monsur Ali Medical College and Hospital, Sirajganj"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Registrar, Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Shaheed M. Monsur Ali Medical College and Hospital, Sirajganj","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139400475","display_name":"Md. Fahad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257632","display_name":"BRB Hospitals LTD","ror":"https://ror.org/05g46av80","country_code":"BD","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257632"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Fahad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Specialist, Department of Anaesthesia, BRB Hospitals Limited, Dhaka"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Specialist, Department of Anaesthesia, BRB Hospitals Limited, Dhaka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139416574","display_name":"Ahsan Habib Khan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151104","display_name":"Directorate General of Health Services","ror":"https://ror.org/05xkzd182","country_code":"BD","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151104","https://openalex.org/I5476602"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahsan Habib Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical officer (OSD), Directorate general of health services (DGHS), Dhaka"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical officer (OSD), Directorate general of health services (DGHS), Dhaka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139461036","display_name":"Nahin Mahmud","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386498","display_name":"Enam Medical College & Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05ncpd436","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386498"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nahin Mahmud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Officer, Department of Anaesthesia and ICU, Enam medical College and Hospital, Savar,Dhaka"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Officer, Department of Anaesthesia and ICU, Enam medical College and Hospital, Savar,Dhaka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101959825","display_name":"Md Mostafa Kamal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4665-1904","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4665-1904"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201969901","display_name":"Bangladesh Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/042mrsz23","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201969901"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151104","display_name":"Directorate General of Health Services","ror":"https://ror.org/05xkzd182","country_code":"BD","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151104","https://openalex.org/I5476602"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Mostafa Kamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, (OSD) DGHS, MOHFW & Clinical Fellow, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4665-1904","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, (OSD) DGHS, MOHFW & Clinical Fellow, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201969901","https://openalex.org/I4210151104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112371479","display_name":"Md. Hasibul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-7828","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-7828"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201969901","display_name":"Bangladesh Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/042mrsz23","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201969901"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Shafiqul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-7828","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201969901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084887948","display_name":"Debabrata Banik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201969901","display_name":"Bangladesh Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/042mrsz23","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201969901"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debabrata Banik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201969901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61270657,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"47","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11731","display_name":"Global Health and Surgery","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laparoscopic-cholecystectomy","display_name":"laparoscopic cholecystectomy","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-anesthesia","display_name":"regional anesthesia","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bupivacaine","display_name":"bupivacaine","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fentanyl","display_name":"fentanyl","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bradycardia","display_name":"bradycardia","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-pain","display_name":"postoperative pain","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversion-to-general-anesthesia","display_name":"conversion to general anesthesia","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-satisfaction","display_name":"patient satisfaction","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgeon-satisfaction","display_name":"surgeon satisfaction","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumoperitoneum","display_name":"pneumoperitoneum","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-block-duration","display_name":"motor block duration","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duration-of-sensory-block","display_name":"sensory block duration","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perioperative-complications","display_name":"perioperative complications","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shoulder-pain","display_name":"shoulder pain","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analgesic-requirement","display_name":"analgesic requirement","score":0.6790000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9362000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.8036999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992886682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282736","display_name":"Spinal anesthesia","level":2,"score":0.6395999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781328992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422806","display_name":"Bupivacaine","level":2,"score":0.5824000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778746874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163469","display_name":"Pneumoperitoneum","level":3,"score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.5577999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776983577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166543","display_name":"General anaesthesia","level":2,"score":0.46709999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987287001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638774","display_name":"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy","level":2,"score":0.37790000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776641081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638774","display_name":"Cholecystectomy","level":2,"score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40993552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514654","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","level":2,"score":0.3375999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776111594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675754","display_name":"Laparoscopic surgery","level":3,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780047204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675754","display_name":"Laparoscopy","level":2,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776742690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455662","display_name":"Local anesthesia","level":2,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994406423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188449","display_name":"Spinal surgery","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160022790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2964004","display_name":"Cardiothoracic surgery","level":2,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019048328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779874","display_name":"Combined spinal epidural","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775944032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22907659","display_name":"Patient satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776277131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422740","display_name":"Propofol","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778994108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868462","display_name":"Local anesthetic","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994102832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81938","display_name":"Postoperative pain","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44575665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1293405","display_name":"Lumbar","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.62848/bjpain.v5i2.1987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62848/bjpain.v5i2.1987","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62848/bjpain.v5i2.1987","pdf_url":"https://www.bjpain.org/index.php/bjpain/article/download/167/97","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663366","display_name":"Bangladesh Journal of Pain.","issn_l":"3007-2433","issn":["3007-2433","3007-2441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316371","host_organization_name":"American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316371"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bangladesh Journal of Pain","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.62848/bjpain.v5i2.1987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62848/bjpain.v5i2.1987","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62848/bjpain.v5i2.1987","pdf_url":"https://www.bjpain.org/index.php/bjpain/article/download/167/97","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663366","display_name":"Bangladesh Journal of Pain.","issn_l":"3007-2433","issn":["3007-2433","3007-2441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316371","host_organization_name":"American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316371"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bangladesh Journal of Pain","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166121817.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166121817.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029967086","https://openalex.org/W2035753343","https://openalex.org/W2037776203","https://openalex.org/W2090902137","https://openalex.org/W2092859879","https://openalex.org/W2125041750","https://openalex.org/W2128983558","https://openalex.org/W2129984987","https://openalex.org/W2390320536","https://openalex.org/W3043218309","https://openalex.org/W4224046055","https://openalex.org/W4229373288","https://openalex.org/W4391981346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415525232","https://openalex.org/W4367318635","https://openalex.org/W7168245855","https://openalex.org/W6892521494","https://openalex.org/W2129984987","https://openalex.org/W4323662830","https://openalex.org/W4412158031","https://openalex.org/W4415760309","https://openalex.org/W4387505303","https://openalex.org/W7115021014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Laparoscopic":[1],"surgery":[2,222],"is":[3,47,61],"normally":[4],"performed":[5],"under":[6],"general":[7,270],"anaesthesia":[8,20,34,93,271,313],"but":[9,258],"regional":[10,19],"techniques":[11],"have":[12],"been":[13],"emerging":[14],"and":[15,108,138,160,182,204,213,227,289,297,318,321],"found":[16],"beneficial.":[17],"This":[18,29,60],"technique":[21,30,328],"could":[22,323],"be":[23,324],"a":[24,62,188,303,315],"potential":[25],"alternative":[26,327],"to":[27,48,198,269],"GA.":[28],"also":[31],"supports":[32],"green":[33],"by":[35,119,142],"reducing":[36],"use":[37],"of":[38,44,52,73,97,104,115,135,221,229],"volatile":[39],"agents.":[40],"The":[41,86,133,147,218,235,265],"main":[42],"objective":[43],"this":[45],"study":[46],"evaluate":[49],"the":[50,95],"effectiveness":[51],"thoracic":[53,90],"segmental":[54,91,311],"spinal":[55,92,312],"anesthesia":[56],"in":[57],"laparoscopic":[58,82,330],"cholecystectomy.Methods:":[59],"nonrandomized":[63],"clinical":[64,120],"trial.":[65],"Patients":[66],"aging":[67],"18-50":[68],"years":[69],"with":[70,99,155,302],"American":[71],"Society":[72],"Anesthesia":[74],"(ASA)":[75],"class":[76],"I":[77],"or":[78,308],"II":[79],"undergoing":[80],"elective":[81],"cholecystectomy":[83,331],"were":[84,88,128,140,168,177,206],"included.":[85],"patients":[87,137,165,296],"given":[89],"at":[94,130,255,262],"level":[96],"T9-T10":[98],"1":[100],"mL":[101,110],"(5":[102],"mg)":[103],"0.5%":[105],"isobaric":[106],"bupivacaine":[107],"0.25":[109],"(25":[111],"mcg)":[112],"fentanyl.":[113],"Adequacy":[114],"block":[116,237,245],"was":[117,151,223,231,246,253,272,281,286,292],"assessed":[118,141],"examination.":[121],"Their":[122],"vital":[123],"parameters":[124],"(HR,":[125],"BP,":[126],"SpO2)":[127],"recorded":[129],"regular":[131],"interval.":[132],"satisfaction":[134],"both":[136],"surgeons":[139,298],"5":[143,293],"points":[144],"Likert":[145],"scale.Results:":[146],"average":[148,219],"patient":[149],"age":[150],"41.9":[152],"\u00b14.9":[153],"years,":[154],"females":[156],"comprising":[157],"20":[158],"(66.7%)":[159],"males":[161],"10":[162],"(33.3%).":[163],"Most":[164],"18":[166],"(60%)":[167],"classified":[169],"as":[170,279],"ASA":[171],"Class":[172,178],"I,":[173],"while":[174,243],"12":[175],"(40%)":[176],"II.":[179],"Height,":[180],"weight,":[181],"BMI":[183],"showed":[184],"moderate":[185],"variability,":[186],"indicating":[187],"relatively":[189],"uniform":[190],"group.":[191],"Sensory":[192],"blocks":[193],"typically":[194],"ranged":[195],"from":[196],"T4":[197],"L2.":[199],"Heart":[200],"rate,":[201],"SBP,":[202],"DBP,":[203],"SpO2":[205],"significantly":[207],"affected":[208],"during":[209],"surgery,":[210],"initially":[211],"declining":[212],"later":[214],"rising":[215],"toward":[216],"completion.":[217],"duration":[220,228],"40.2":[224],"\u00b16.4":[225],"minutes":[226],"pneumoperitoneum":[230],"29.6":[232],"\u00b15.5":[233],"minutes.":[234,250],"motor":[236,319],"lasted":[238],"67.3":[239],"\u00b1":[240,248],"7":[241],"minutes,":[242],"sensory":[244,317],"100.1":[247],"4.7":[249],"Postoperative":[251],"pain":[252,291],"mild":[254],"2":[256,273],"hours":[257],"reached":[259],"its":[260],"peak":[261],"8":[263],"hours.":[264],"need":[266],"for":[267,329],"conversion":[268],"(6.7%).":[274],"However,":[275],"perioperative":[276],"complications":[277],"such":[278],"bradycardia":[280],"9":[282],"(30%),":[283],"analgesic":[284],"requirement":[285],"6":[287],"(20%)":[288],"shoulder":[290],"(16.7%).":[294],"Both":[295],"reported":[299],"high":[300],"satisfaction,":[301],"smaller":[304],"group":[305],"expressing":[306],"neutrality":[307],"dissatisfaction.Conclusions:":[309],"Thoracic":[310],"provides":[314],"reliable":[316],"blockade":[320],"it":[322],"an":[325],"effective":[326],"surgery.":[332]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-06-27T00:00:00"}
