{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166019716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.179073.3","title":"How Anterior Crossbite Severity Relates to Appearance-Based Bullying in School-Age Children: Evidence from the ROMA Index","display_name":"How Anterior Crossbite Severity Relates to Appearance-Based Bullying in School-Age Children: Evidence from the ROMA Index","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166019716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.179073.3","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42729010","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13560802"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.12688/f1000research.179073.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.179073.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.179073.3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239046","display_name":"F1000Research","issn_l":"2046-1402","issn":["2046-1402"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320357","host_organization_name":"Faculty of 1000","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320357","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Faculty of 1000","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"F1000Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.179073.3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099026050","display_name":"Farah M. Babakurd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-5955","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-5955"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875646752","display_name":"Damascus University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m098d13","country_code":"SY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"]}],"countries":["SY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Farah M. Babakurd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatric Dentistry Department Damascus Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-5955","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatric Dentistry Department Damascus Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077537424","display_name":"Khaled Omar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2426-2553","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2426-2553"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875646752","display_name":"Damascus University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m098d13","country_code":"SY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"]}],"countries":["SY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Omar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Informatics Engineering Damascus Damascus University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2426-2553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Informatics Engineering Damascus Damascus University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012158011","display_name":"Mayssoon Dashash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9877-3217","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9877-3217"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875646752","display_name":"Damascus University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m098d13","country_code":"SY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"]}],"countries":["SY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayssoon Dashash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pediatric Dentistry Department Damascus Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9877-3217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatric Dentistry Department Damascus Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5099026050"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"],"apc_list":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"apc_paid":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"590","last_page":"590"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10356","display_name":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","score":0.8798999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3505","display_name":"Orthodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10356","display_name":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","score":0.8798999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3505","display_name":"Orthodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":0.11060000211000443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10368","display_name":"Dental Health and Care Utilization","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anterior-crossbite","display_name":"anterior crossbite","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bullying-victimization","display_name":"bullying victimization","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malocclusion","display_name":"malocclusion","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roma-index","display_name":"ROMA index","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teasing","display_name":"teasing","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-exclusion","display_name":"social exclusion","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bullying-prevention","display_name":"bullying prevention","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychosocial-well-being","display_name":"psychosocial well-being","score":0.796999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.6868000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6787999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779600692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788219","display_name":"Crossbite","level":3,"score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.42910000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780109367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320428","display_name":"Malocclusion","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.2506999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008310","descriptor_name":"Malocclusion","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058445","descriptor_name":"Bullying","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.12688/f1000research.179073.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.179073.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.179073.3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239046","display_name":"F1000Research","issn_l":"2046-1402","issn":["2046-1402"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320357","host_organization_name":"Faculty of 1000","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320357","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Faculty of 1000","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"F1000Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13560802","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13560802/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13560802/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"F1000Res","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42729010","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42729010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"F1000Research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.12688/f1000research.179073.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.179073.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.179073.3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239046","display_name":"F1000Research","issn_l":"2046-1402","issn":["2046-1402"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320357","host_organization_name":"Faculty of 1000","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320357","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Faculty of 1000","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"F1000Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166019716.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166019716.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177187429","https://openalex.org/W1482482267","https://openalex.org/W1992167600","https://openalex.org/W2016660511","https://openalex.org/W2037668591","https://openalex.org/W2126387279","https://openalex.org/W2137506410","https://openalex.org/W2187664636","https://openalex.org/W2202322071","https://openalex.org/W2319843920","https://openalex.org/W2327037637","https://openalex.org/W2419586086","https://openalex.org/W2598977752","https://openalex.org/W2599301087","https://openalex.org/W2810021328","https://openalex.org/W2889396982","https://openalex.org/W2951649977","https://openalex.org/W2965525249","https://openalex.org/W2983854564","https://openalex.org/W3036569011","https://openalex.org/W3146347245","https://openalex.org/W3147981610","https://openalex.org/W3155780254","https://openalex.org/W3175417087","https://openalex.org/W3215480673","https://openalex.org/W4292237283","https://openalex.org/W4299627282","https://openalex.org/W4309078162","https://openalex.org/W4319751173","https://openalex.org/W4366335321","https://openalex.org/W4378378926","https://openalex.org/W4387004524","https://openalex.org/W4387670255","https://openalex.org/W4388660611","https://openalex.org/W4395677610","https://openalex.org/W4399367661","https://openalex.org/W4399435573","https://openalex.org/W4406675583","https://openalex.org/W4407411992","https://openalex.org/W4409547828","https://openalex.org/W4415010459","https://openalex.org/W7140289059"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7140289059","https://openalex.org/W7172288408","https://openalex.org/W4402533021","https://openalex.org/W4411735944","https://openalex.org/W4392361830","https://openalex.org/W7115009592","https://openalex.org/W3130768847","https://openalex.org/W4292237283","https://openalex.org/W2805506409","https://openalex.org/W4415010459"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2,38],"examined":[3],"the":[4,13,59,191,212,226],"prevalence":[5],"of":[6,15,156,171,195,200],"anterior":[7,141,162],"crossbite":[8,22,51,184,234,252],"in":[9,45,218,244,271],"school-age":[10],"children,":[11,245],"investigated":[12],"frequency":[14],"appearance-":[16],"related":[17],"bullying,":[18],"and":[19,34,52,89,113,122,128,143,177,187,268],"determined":[20],"whether":[21],"severity":[23,235,253],"correlates":[24],"with":[25,94,166,183],"bullying":[26,64,75,107,114,173,179,201,243],"exposure":[27],"among":[28,225],"children":[29,41,73,133],"aged":[30,134],"8-12":[31],"years.":[32],"Materials":[33],"Methods:":[35],"A":[36],"cross-sectional":[37],"involved":[39],"2,080":[40,132],"from":[42],"public":[43],"schools":[44],"Damascus,":[46],"using":[47,58,67,117],"random":[48],"cluster":[49],"sampling.Anterior":[50],"other":[53],"occlusal":[54,111,207],"issues":[55],"were":[56,81,99,115,164],"assessed":[57],"ROMA":[60],"Index.":[61],"Dental":[62],"appearance-related":[63,146],"was":[65],"evaluated":[66],"a":[68,167,238,260],"modified":[69],"Olweus":[70],"Bully/Victim":[71],"Questionnaire;":[72],"reporting":[74],"two":[76],"or":[77],"more":[78],"times":[79],"monthly":[80],"classified":[82],"as":[83,190,237],"victims.Bullying":[84],"types-teasing,":[85],"name-calling,":[86],"social":[87],"exclusion,":[88],"physical":[90],"aggression-were":[91],"documented":[92],"along":[93],"occurrence":[95],"settings.":[96],"Severity":[97],"scores":[98],"calculated":[100],"by":[101],"summing":[102],"numerical":[103],"codes":[104],"for":[105,126,241],"each":[106],"type.":[108],"Relationships":[109],"between":[110],"characteristics":[112],"analyzed":[116],"Chi-square":[118],"tests,":[119],"Cramer's":[120],"V,":[121],"logistic":[123,150],"regression,":[124],"adjusting":[125],"age":[127],"gender.":[129],"Results:":[130],"Of":[131],"8":[135],"to":[136,263],"12":[137],"years,":[138],"19.6%":[139],"had":[140],"crossbite,":[142,163],"34.4%reported":[144],"dental":[145,249],"bullying.":[147],"Multivariable":[148],"binary":[149],"regression":[151],"revealed":[152],"that":[153,178],"all":[154],"forms":[155,194],"malocclusion,":[157],"particularly":[158],"those":[159],"involving":[160],"an":[161],"associated":[165],"significantly":[168],"higher":[169],"likelihood":[170],"experiencing":[172],"(p":[174,209,229],"<":[175,210],"0.001),":[176,211],"intensity":[180],"increased":[181],"proportionally":[182],"severity.":[185],"Teasing":[186],"mockery":[188],"emerged":[189],"most":[192],"common":[193],"victimization.":[196],"Although":[197],"specific":[198],"patterns":[199],"exhibited":[202],"considerable":[203],"variability":[204],"across":[205],"different":[206],"traits":[208],"locations":[213],"where":[214],"these":[215],"incidents":[216],"occurred-primarily":[217],"school":[219],"playgrounds-did":[220],"not":[221],"reveal":[222],"significant":[223],"differences":[224],"various":[227],"groups":[228],"=":[230],"0.120).":[231],"Conclusion:":[232],"Anterior":[233],"serves":[236],"meaningful":[239],"correlate":[240],"appearance-based":[242],"extending":[246],"beyond":[247],"simple":[248],"concerns.":[250],"Incorporating":[251],"screening":[254],"into":[255],"school-based":[256],"prevention":[257],"programs":[258],"offers":[259],"practical":[261],"strategy":[262],"address":[264],"both":[265],"oral":[266],"health":[267],"psychosocial":[269],"well-being":[270],"childhood.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-06-27T00:00:00"}
