{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166018729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-026-03493-z","title":"Long-term effectiveness and overdiagnosis in the NHS breast screening programme: a cohort study with up to 33 years of follow-up","display_name":"Long-term effectiveness and overdiagnosis in the NHS breast screening programme: a cohort study with up to 33 years of follow-up","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166018729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-026-03493-z","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42362870"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41416-026-03493-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-026-03493-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-026-03493-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-026-03493-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62966998","display_name":"British Journal of Cancer","issn_l":"0007-0920","issn":["0007-0920","1532-1827"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Cancer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-026-03493-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077236676","display_name":"Amanda Dibden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0599-9840","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0599-9840"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amanda Dibden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. a.dibden@qmul.ac.uk"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0599-9840","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. a.dibden@qmul.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029438585","display_name":"Dharmishta Parmar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8767-8364","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8767-8364"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dharmishta Parmar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8767-8364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039622637","display_name":"Rhian Gabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0273-3094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0273-3094"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rhian Gabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0273-3094","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010554476","display_name":"Robert Allen Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3344-2238","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3344-2238"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288198617","display_name":"American Cancer Society","ror":"https://ror.org/02e463172","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert A. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Early Cancer Detection, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3344-2238","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Early Cancer Detection, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288198617"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108092461","display_name":"Sue M. Moss","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sue M. Moss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102751684","display_name":"Louise E. Johns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2837-1682","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2837-1682"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142947616","display_name":"Institute of Cancer Research","ror":"https://ror.org/043jzw605","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I142947616"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louise E. Johns","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2837-1682","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142947616"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074904688","display_name":"S.W. Duffy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8793-943X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8793-943X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen W. Duffy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4901-7922","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077236676"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"apc_list":{"value":5190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5190},"apc_paid":{"value":5190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5190},"fwci":5.3596,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96308152,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"135","issue":"6","first_page":"964","last_page":"971"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11361","display_name":"Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging","score":0.009499999694526196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screening-mammography","display_name":"mammography screening","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nhs-breast-screening-programme","display_name":"NHS Breast Screening Programme","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer-mortality","display_name":"breast cancer mortality","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer-incidence","display_name":"breast cancer incidence","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overdiagnosis","display_name":"overdiagnosis","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screening-invitations","display_name":"screening invitations","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screening-participation","display_name":"screening uptake","score":0.9810000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779377019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q956131","display_name":"Overdiagnosis","level":2,"score":0.9642999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9412000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778491387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17011492","display_name":"Breast cancer screening","level":5,"score":0.6459000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.6187000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5462999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776463041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044843","display_name":"Cancer screening","level":3,"score":0.5167999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324634","display_name":"Mammography","level":4,"score":0.4982999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985394991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324634","display_name":"Breast screening","level":5,"score":0.47519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73269764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954529","display_name":"Poisson regression","level":3,"score":0.44190001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.39649999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.39089998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.3564999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778173179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339289","display_name":"Attendance","level":2,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994436140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17011492","display_name":"Mammography screening","level":5,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993880109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163564","display_name":"Medical screening","level":2,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778527826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1787017","display_name":"Cancer registry","level":3,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018792137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6914399","display_name":"Excess mortality","level":3,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000088522","descriptor_name":"Overdiagnosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000088522","descriptor_name":"Overdiagnosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000088522","descriptor_name":"Overdiagnosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004739","descriptor_name":"England","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004739","descriptor_name":"England","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004739","descriptor_name":"England","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005500","descriptor_name":"Follow-Up Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005500","descriptor_name":"Follow-Up Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005500","descriptor_name":"Follow-Up Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008327","descriptor_name":"Mammography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008327","descriptor_name":"Mammography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008327","descriptor_name":"Mammography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008403","descriptor_name":"Mass Screening","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008403","descriptor_name":"Mass Screening","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008403","descriptor_name":"Mass Screening","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014852","descriptor_name":"Wales","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014852","descriptor_name":"Wales","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014852","descriptor_name":"Wales","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055088","descriptor_name":"Early Detection of Cancer","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055088","descriptor_name":"Early Detection of Cancer","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055088","descriptor_name":"Early Detection of Cancer","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41416-026-03493-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-026-03493-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-026-03493-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-026-03493-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62966998","display_name":"British Journal of Cancer","issn_l":"0007-0920","issn":["0007-0920","1532-1827"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Cancer","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42362870","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42362870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British journal of cancer","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13534734","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13534734/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13534734/pdf/41416_2026_Article_3493.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Br J Cancer","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41416-026-03493-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-026-03493-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-026-03493-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-026-03493-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62966998","display_name":"British Journal of Cancer","issn_l":"0007-0920","issn":["0007-0920","1532-1827"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Cancer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8351732492446899,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1608395510","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PRU-1217-21601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4114549569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PR\u2010PRU\u20101217\u201021601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5301292331","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"106/0001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166018729.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166018729.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492182164","https://openalex.org/W1979387368","https://openalex.org/W1996419753","https://openalex.org/W1998879333","https://openalex.org/W2015278915","https://openalex.org/W2023150149","https://openalex.org/W2059978547","https://openalex.org/W2098699875","https://openalex.org/W2100940783","https://openalex.org/W2113622720","https://openalex.org/W2124273057","https://openalex.org/W2133195316","https://openalex.org/W2138418348","https://openalex.org/W2141700931","https://openalex.org/W2155569978","https://openalex.org/W2217324596","https://openalex.org/W2559905075","https://openalex.org/W2621493881","https://openalex.org/W2734451104","https://openalex.org/W2763339481","https://openalex.org/W3017276384","https://openalex.org/W3110355961","https://openalex.org/W3173495607","https://openalex.org/W3216032093","https://openalex.org/W4285801072"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Population-based":[1],"mammographic":[2],"screening":[3,61,68,99,121,140,182,197],"programmes":[4],"have":[5,16,26],"been":[6],"operating":[7],"for":[8,78,84,117],"over":[9],"30":[10],"years":[11,57,174,193],"and":[12,50,58,73,82,104,112,137,198],"whilst":[13],"many":[14,192],"studies":[15],"assessed":[17,27],"the":[18,39,43,96,200],"short-":[19],"to":[20,37,60,94,107,120,184],"medium-term":[21],"effectiveness":[22,41],"of":[23,33,42,87,98,157,196,202],"screening,":[24],"few":[25],"their":[28],"long-term":[29,40,206],"effectiveness.":[30],"The":[31],"aim":[32],"this":[34],"study":[35,63],"was":[36,92,122,141,153],"assess":[38,95],"NHS":[44],"Breast":[45],"Screening":[46],"Programme":[47],"in":[48,128,187],"England":[49],"Wales.":[51],"METHODS:":[52],"2,509,384":[53],"women":[54],"aged":[55],"49-64":[56],"uninvited":[59,109],"upon":[62],"entry":[64],"were":[65,76],"studied,":[66],"with":[67,124,143,162,170,205],"status":[69],"changing":[70],"on":[71,100],"invitation":[72,119],"attendance.":[74],"Women":[75],"followed":[77],"breast":[79,101,129,158,189],"cancer":[80,102,130,159,190],"diagnosis":[81],"death":[83],"a":[85,125,144,154],"maximum":[86],"33":[88],"years.":[89],"Poisson":[90],"regression":[91],"used":[93],"effect":[97],"incidence":[103],"mortality":[105,131,191],"compared":[106],"an":[108],"comparison":[110],"group,":[111],"overdiagnosis.":[113],"RESULTS:":[114],"After":[115],"adjustment":[116],"confounders,":[118],"associated":[123,142,161,204],"28%":[126],"reduction":[127,146],"(RR:":[132,147,165],"0.72;":[133],"95%":[134,149,167],"CI:":[135,150,168],"0.71-0.74)":[136],"attendance":[138],"at":[139,171],"33%":[145],"0.67;":[148],"0.65-0.69).":[151],"There":[152],"4%":[155],"excess":[156],"diagnoses":[160],"being":[163],"screened":[164],"1.04;":[166],"1.02-1.07)":[169],"least":[172],"5":[173],"follow-up":[175,207],"post-screening.":[176],"CONCLUSION:":[177],"These":[178],"findings":[179],"indicate":[180],"that":[181,199],"continues":[183],"be":[185],"effective":[186],"reducing":[188],"after":[194],"cessation":[195],"level":[201],"overdiagnosis":[203],"is":[208],"low.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2026-06-27T00:00:00"}
