{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165940317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.25690","title":"Quantum steering in networks: Measurement-device-independent detection, continuous variables, and practical Gaussian schemes","display_name":"Quantum steering in networks: Measurement-device-independent detection, continuous variables, and practical Gaussian schemes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165940317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.25690"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2606.25690","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.25690","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.25690","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.25690","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105753106","display_name":"Hu S","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9813-5330","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9813-5330","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1174-3518","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1565-8468","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3550-4538","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5223-6387","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7174-0692","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8634-9602","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0470-2102","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3769-4081"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu, Shao-Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045111032","display_name":"Chung-Yun Hsieh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2512-0274","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2512-0274"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsieh, Chung-Yun","raw_affiliation_strings":["H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory , University of Bristol , Tyndall Avenue , Bristol , BS8 1TL , United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory , University of Bristol , Tyndall Avenue , Bristol , BS8 1TL , United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009911922","display_name":"Huan-Yu Ku","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1909-6703","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1909-6703"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134161618","display_name":"National Taiwan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/059dkdx38","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ku, Huan-Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 11677 , Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei 11677 , Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041944076","display_name":"Ray\u2010Kuang Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7171-7274","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7171-7274"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Ray-Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013241249","display_name":"Paolo Abiuso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5019-7823","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5019-7823"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138211613","display_name":"Austrian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03anc3s24","country_code":"AT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138211613"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abiuso, Paolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information -IQOQI Vienna , Austrian Academy of Sciences , Boltzmanngasse 3 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information -IQOQI Vienna , Austrian Academy of Sciences , Boltzmanngasse 3 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138211613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11449","display_name":"Mechanical and Optical Resonators","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-steering","display_name":"quantum steering","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipartite-networks","display_name":"multipartite networks","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-variable-systems","display_name":"continuous-variable systems","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-operations","display_name":"Gaussian operations","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlocality","display_name":"nonlocality","score":0.7480000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138622882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269079","display_name":"Quantum nonlocality","level":4,"score":0.6424999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.5782999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5719000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166733315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934831","display_name":"Multipartite","level":4,"score":0.560699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.5311999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.49619999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197657726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174733","display_name":"Bipartite graph","level":3,"score":0.46480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4625999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162838799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596077","display_name":"Counterexample","level":2,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139002025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001212","display_name":"Lift (data mining)","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781466463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621695","display_name":"Blame","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58849907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118982","display_name":"Quantum gate","level":4,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2606.25690","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.25690","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.25690","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.25690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.25690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.25690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2606.25690","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.25690","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.25690","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2103835350","display_name":"Quantum Boundaries in Networks","funder_award_id":"ESP 2889224","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","funder_display_name":"Austrian Science Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4019782970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECF-2024-310","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319993","funder_display_name":"Leverhulme Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6146919122","display_name":"Verification of quantum technologies, applications & systems","funder_award_id":"I 6004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","funder_display_name":"Austrian Science Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319993","display_name":"Leverhulme Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/012mzw131"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","display_name":"Austrian Science Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/013tf3c58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7165940317.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7165940317.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148857901","https://openalex.org/W2908476779","https://openalex.org/W4401157586","https://openalex.org/W4406868466","https://openalex.org/W4302306059","https://openalex.org/W1802788407","https://openalex.org/W4400821820","https://openalex.org/W2911398354","https://openalex.org/W1576425675","https://openalex.org/W3084072515"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,22],"consider":[1],"quantum":[2,58],"steering":[3,31,97],"certification":[4,32,123],"in":[5,37,83,88,133],"multipartite":[6],"networks,":[7],"with":[8,148,155],"a":[9,50,54,117,127,139],"focus":[10],"on":[11,101],"minimal":[12,121,149],"trust":[13,122,150],"scenarios:":[14],"all-except-one":[15],"parties":[16],"are":[17],"untrusted":[18],"and":[19,113,154],"treated":[20],"device-independently.":[21],"show":[23],"that":[24],"it":[25],"is":[26,131],"always":[27],"possible":[28],"to":[29,33,64],"lift":[30],"the":[34,40,62,65,89,134],"measurement-device-independent":[35,95],"regime,":[36],"which":[38,80,105],"even":[39],"(last)":[41],"trusted":[42,129],"party":[43],"can":[44],"treat":[45],"their":[46],"local":[47],"hardware":[48],"as":[49,61,73,75,124,126,145],"black-box,":[51],"except":[52],"for":[53,70,76,109,120,141],"set":[55],"of":[56,85],"fiduciary":[57],"states":[59],"used":[60,108],"inputs":[63],"experiment.":[66],"This":[67],"holds":[68],"both":[69],"finite-dimensional":[71],"systems":[72],"well":[74],"bosonic":[77],"continuous-variable":[78],"systems,":[79],"we":[81,93],"characterize":[82],"terms":[84],"semi-quantum":[86],"games":[87],"bipartite":[90],"case.":[91],"Additionally,":[92],"introduce":[94],"network":[96],"protocols":[98],"based":[99],"entirely":[100],"Gaussian":[102],"operations":[103],"--":[104],"cannot":[106],"be":[107],"fully":[110],"device-independent":[111],"protocols,":[112],"thus":[114],"become":[115],"instead":[116],"viable":[118],"option":[119],"soon":[125],"single":[128],"input":[130],"inserted":[132],"network.":[135],"Our":[136],"results":[137],"present":[138],"basis":[140],"steering-based":[142],"applications":[143],"(such":[144],"randomness":[146],"generation)":[147],"beyond":[151],"full":[152],"nonlocality":[153],"feasible":[156],"experimental":[157],"requirements.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-06-26T00:00:00"}