{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165908331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-8434-4.ch003","title":"Cooling Technologies and Comparative Sustainability Studies: AI Workloads, High-Performance Computing, and Energy-Water Relationships","display_name":"Cooling Technologies and Comparative Sustainability Studies: AI Workloads, High-Performance Computing, and Energy-Water Relationships","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165908331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-8434-4.ch003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-8434-4.ch003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-8434-4.ch003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-8434-4.ch003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180746","display_name":"Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series","issn_l":"2327-042X","issn":["2327-042X","2327-0411"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165885709","display_name":"The Growth of AI Data Centers and the Impact on Global Water Resources"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007914022","display_name":"Riadh Hanachi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1657-1652","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1657-1652"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160537","display_name":"Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux","ror":"https://ror.org/05v1dya15","country_code":"TN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160537"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riadh Hanachi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory Desalination and Natural Water Valorization, Center of Water Researches and Technologies (CERTE), Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1657-1652","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory Desalination and Natural Water Valorization, Center of Water Researches and Technologies (CERTE), Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160537"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002073062","display_name":"Emna Melliti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8539-7315","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8539-7315"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160537","display_name":"Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux","ror":"https://ror.org/05v1dya15","country_code":"TN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160537"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emna Melliti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory Desalination and Natural Water Valorization, Center of Water Researches and Technologies (CERTE), Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8539-7315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory Desalination and Natural Water Valorization, Center of Water Researches and Technologies (CERTE), Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160537"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076528121","display_name":"Hamza Elfil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0092-4150","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0092-4150"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160537","display_name":"Centre de Recherches et des Technologies des Eaux","ror":"https://ror.org/05v1dya15","country_code":"TN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160537"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamza Elfil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory Desalination and Natural Water Valorization, Center of Water Researches and Technologies (CERTE), Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory Desalination and Natural Water Valorization, Center of Water Researches and Technologies (CERTE), Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160537"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160537"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"61","last_page":"112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14098","display_name":"Energy Efficiency in Computing","score":0.5625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14098","display_name":"Energy Efficiency in Computing","score":0.5625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.2393999993801117,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.12680000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-center-cooling","display_name":"data center cooling","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-workloads","display_name":"AI workloads","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-performance-computing","display_name":"high-performance computing","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-energy-nexus","display_name":"water-energy nexus","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-use-efficiency","display_name":"water use efficiency","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-cooling","display_name":"liquid cooling","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-cooling","display_name":"water cooling","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-cooling","display_name":"air cooling","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-management","display_name":"thermal management","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficiency-trade-off","display_name":"energy efficiency trade-offs","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-footprint","display_name":"carbon footprint","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-modeling","display_name":"thermal modeling","score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-optimization","display_name":"energy optimization","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrological-analysis","display_name":"hydrological analysis","score":0.878000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.8064000010490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148609458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7021281","display_name":"Nexus (standard)","level":2,"score":0.7211999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113360713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7973219","display_name":"Water-energy nexus","level":3,"score":0.6590999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5945000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.5604000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992120494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27137","display_name":"Electricity system","level":4,"score":0.5238000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4903999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4406000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.4262000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.41359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982944804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26534","display_name":"Water consumption","level":2,"score":0.39820000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7694927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7667810","display_name":"Water cooling","level":2,"score":0.39750000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3702999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.3447999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33489999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2039551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200297","display_name":"Thermal power station","level":2,"score":0.32339999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777958785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17120940","display_name":"Resource efficiency","level":2,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7973495","display_name":"Water efficiency","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149207113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26534","display_name":"Water use","level":2,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107861326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209233","display_name":"Thermal energy","level":2,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131046424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1805337","display_name":"Energy policy","level":3,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184773241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387400","display_name":"Mains electricity","level":3,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153823671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049799","display_name":"Water resources","level":2,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988649059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1853339","display_name":"Electricity demand","level":4,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13882206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473160","display_name":"Energy economics","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174503800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5381254","display_name":"Environmental impact of the energy industry","level":4,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89702864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746994","display_name":"Technology assessment","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017454777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170196","display_name":"Water energy","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-8434-4.ch003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-8434-4.ch003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-8434-4.ch003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180746","display_name":"Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series","issn_l":"2327-042X","issn":["2327-042X","2327-0411"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.9786999821662903,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.878000020980835,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.651199996471405,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548235560","https://openalex.org/W2891113010","https://openalex.org/W3007855629","https://openalex.org/W3156891177","https://openalex.org/W4226454962","https://openalex.org/W4387363485","https://openalex.org/W4393004406","https://openalex.org/W4411368489","https://openalex.org/W4413366919","https://openalex.org/W7139046211"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7166508132","https://openalex.org/W7165949319","https://openalex.org/W4416141830","https://openalex.org/W4413366919","https://openalex.org/W7166509361","https://openalex.org/W7165947194","https://openalex.org/W4415743230","https://openalex.org/W7027594751","https://openalex.org/W4406628146","https://openalex.org/W4408410728"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"chapter":[1,52],"examines":[2],"the":[3,31,55],"sustainability":[4,91],"challenges":[5],"of":[6,58],"AI-intensive":[7],"and":[8,18,23,35,41,49,66,73,87,97,106,109,124,131],"high-performance":[9],"computing":[10],"(HPC)":[11],"data":[12],"centers,":[13],"focusing":[14],"on":[15,21],"cooling":[16,38],"technologies":[17],"their":[19],"impacts":[20],"energy":[22,104,120],"water":[24,85,107],"use.":[25],"It":[26,77],"situates":[27],"these":[28],"infrastructures":[29],"within":[30],"broader":[32],"energy\u2013water":[33],"nexus":[34],"compares":[36],"major":[37],"approaches\u2014air,":[39],"water-based,":[40],"liquid\u2014using":[42],"key":[43],"metrics":[44],"such":[45],"as":[46],"PUE,":[47],"WUE,":[48],"CUE.":[50],"The":[51],"highlights":[53],"how":[54,83],"rapid":[56],"growth":[57],"AI":[59],"workloads,":[60],"marked":[61],"by":[62],"high":[63],"power":[64],"densities":[65],"dynamic":[67],"thermal":[68,75,118],"constraints,":[69],"increases":[70],"resource":[71],"demand":[72],"complicates":[74],"management.":[76],"also":[78],"explores":[79],"regional":[80],"variations,":[81],"showing":[82],"climate,":[84],"availability,":[86],"electricity":[88],"mix":[89],"affect":[90],"outcomes.":[92],"By":[93],"integrating":[94],"technical,":[95],"environmental,":[96],"policy":[98],"perspectives,":[99],"it":[100,114],"identifies":[101],"trade-offs":[102],"between":[103],"efficiency":[105],"consumption":[108],"emphasizes":[110],"context-aware":[111],"design.":[112],"Ultimately,":[113],"argues":[115],"that":[116],"combining":[117],"modeling,":[119],"optimization,":[121],"hydrological":[122],"analysis,":[123],"carbon":[125],"assessment":[126],"supports":[127],"more":[128],"informed":[129],"infrastructure":[130],"location":[132],"decisions.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-06-26T00:00:00"}