{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165759156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12110552","title":"Conditional GANs for FL Sonar-to-Optical Image Transformation","display_name":"Conditional GANs for FL Sonar-to-Optical Image Transformation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165759156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12110552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging12110552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12110552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12110552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12110552","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053778894","display_name":"G. C. OLIVEIRA","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5999-042X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5999-042X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guilherme Correa de Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5999-042X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133583165","display_name":"Isaiah Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3271-7155","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3271-7155"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isaiah Yian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33149, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3271-7155","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33149, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160614258","display_name":"Ethan Garcia Yamar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ethan Garcia Yamar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139297260","display_name":"Kevin Ma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Wenjian Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116086020","display_name":"Amogh Wyawahare","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9664-5776","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9664-5776"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amogh Wyawahare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9664-5776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090868495","display_name":"S. Negahdaripour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5676-5238","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5676-5238"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shahriar Negahdaripour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5676-5238","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090868495"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36916282,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"11","first_page":"552","last_page":"552"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.6880000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.6880000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.13279999792575836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.08060000091791153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-gan","display_name":"conditional generative adversarial networks","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pix2pixhd","display_name":"pix2pixHD","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-looking-sonar","display_name":"forward-looking sonar","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-robotics","display_name":"underwater robotics","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sonar-image-enhancement","display_name":"sonar image enhancement","score":0.4779999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555745239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133220","display_name":"Sonar","level":2,"score":0.8555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6978999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6521000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.4864000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.4555000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.4343000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41519999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.39070001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181255713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662740","display_name":"Synthetic aperture sonar","level":3,"score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145424490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618465","display_name":"Remotely operated underwater vehicle","level":4,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134765980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q879126","display_name":"Bitwise operation","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging12110552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12110552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12110552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.6992803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6992803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6992803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jimaging12110552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12110552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jimaging12110552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736465063","display_name":"Journal of Imaging","issn_l":"2313-433X","issn":["2313-433X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548836129","https://openalex.org/W2003098454","https://openalex.org/W2033819227","https://openalex.org/W2086936614","https://openalex.org/W2106507358","https://openalex.org/W2108930959","https://openalex.org/W2117428452","https://openalex.org/W2139298726","https://openalex.org/W2168545424","https://openalex.org/W2314185503","https://openalex.org/W2515288524","https://openalex.org/W2763228906","https://openalex.org/W2795298767","https://openalex.org/W2808753708","https://openalex.org/W2899341323","https://openalex.org/W2956232138","https://openalex.org/W3040835882","https://openalex.org/W4253059935","https://openalex.org/W4288058127","https://openalex.org/W4383112577","https://openalex.org/W4402904267","https://openalex.org/W4412985245","https://openalex.org/W4413319020","https://openalex.org/W6941074617"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7005889579","https://openalex.org/W4312606064","https://openalex.org/W4213371231","https://openalex.org/W4411728047","https://openalex.org/W2950275448","https://openalex.org/W2904271276","https://openalex.org/W7016772157","https://openalex.org/W7070825156","https://openalex.org/W6903443929","https://openalex.org/W7165877007"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Underwater":[0],"robotics":[1],"platforms":[2],"are":[3,60],"equipped":[4],"with":[5,54],"onboard":[6],"cameras":[7],"for":[8],"navigation":[9],"and":[10,69,105,138],"mapping":[11],"within":[12],"deep-sea":[13],"environments,":[14],"either":[15],"assisted":[16],"by":[17,35,40,64,74],"an":[18,65],"operator":[19,68],"in":[20,119,146],"human-in-the-loop":[21],"missions":[22],"or":[23],"automatically":[24],"through":[25],"real-time":[26],"processing":[27],"of":[28,33,45,134],"live":[29],"video.":[30],"The":[31],"impairment":[32],"vision":[34],"turbidity":[36],"can":[37,110],"be":[38,71],"addressed":[39],"deploying":[41],"the":[42,75],"recent":[43],"generation":[44],"2-D":[46],"multi-beam":[47],"forward-looking":[48],"imaging":[49],"sonars,":[50],"but":[51],"this":[52],"comes":[53],"limitations;":[55],"e.g.,":[56],"sonar":[57,86,104,116],"video":[58],"data":[59,117],"not":[61],"readily":[62],"interpretable":[63],"untrained":[66],"human":[67],"cannot":[70],"effectively":[72],"processed":[73],"state-of-the-art":[76],"computer":[77],"methods.":[78],"We":[79],"propose":[80],"a":[81,94],"framework":[82],"to":[83],"translate":[84],"underwater":[85],"imagery":[87],"into":[88],"intuitive":[89],"optical":[90,106,113],"views.":[91],"By":[92],"training":[93,129],"conditional":[95],"generative":[96],"adversarial":[97],"network":[98],"(Nvidia":[99],"Pix2PixHD)":[100],"on":[101],"paired":[102],"clear-water":[103],"datasets,":[107],"our":[108,142],"model":[109],"synthesize":[111],"high-quality":[112],"images":[114],"from":[115],"captured":[118],"murky":[120],"conditions.":[121],"Evaluations":[122],"across":[123],"two":[124],"distinct":[125],"datasets\u2014testing":[126],"variables":[127],"like":[128],"size,":[130],"image":[131],"resolution,":[132],"field":[133],"view,":[135],"color":[136],"relevance,":[137],"cross-device":[139],"transferability\u2014demonstrate":[140],"that":[141],"approach":[143],"performs":[144],"robustly":[145],"practical":[147],"real-world":[148],"scenarios.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-06-25T00:00:00"}