{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165663273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.26734.1","title":"Longitudinal adiposity trajectories in White British and Pakistani children: differential associations with maternal BMI and glycaemia","display_name":"Longitudinal adiposity trajectories in White British and Pakistani children: differential associations with maternal BMI and glycaemia","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165663273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.26734.1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.26734.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.26734.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.26734.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210218052","display_name":"Wellcome Open Research","issn_l":"2398-502X","issn":["2398-502X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311838","host_organization_name":"Wellcome","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311838"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wellcome"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wellcome Open Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.26734.1","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039181987","display_name":"Gillian Santorelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-1783","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-1783"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265246","display_name":"Bradford Institute for Health Research","ror":"https://ror.org/048xj8s16","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405265246"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gillian Santorelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bradford England Bradford Institute for Health Research"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-1783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bradford England Bradford Institute for Health Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101627266","display_name":"Jane West","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5770-8363","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5770-8363"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265246","display_name":"Bradford Institute for Health Research","ror":"https://ror.org/048xj8s16","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405265246"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jane West","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bradford England Bradford Institute for Health Research"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5770-8363","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bradford England Bradford Institute for Health Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083748988","display_name":"John Wright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9572-7293","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9572-7293","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0004-919X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6926-1837"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265246","display_name":"Bradford Institute for Health Research","ror":"https://ror.org/048xj8s16","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405265246"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bradford England Bradford Institute for Health Research"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9572-7293","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bradford England Bradford Institute for Health Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405265246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054791973","display_name":"Debbie A. Lawlor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6793-2262","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6793-2262"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155195","display_name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/030qtrs05","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4387155195","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deborah Lawlor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bristol England MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6793-2262","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bristol England MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155195"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":920,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1128},"apc_paid":{"value":920,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1128},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39936853,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"369","last_page":"369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11629","display_name":"Birth, Development, and Health","score":0.7494999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11629","display_name":"Birth, Development, and Health","score":0.7494999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10673","display_name":"Gestational Diabetes Research and Management","score":0.21439999341964722,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.025599999353289604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-adiposity","display_name":"childhood adiposity","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-bmi","display_name":"maternal body mass index","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-fasting-glucose","display_name":"maternal fasting glucose","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adiposity-trajectories","display_name":"adiposity trajectories","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abdominal-obesity","display_name":"abdominal obesity","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skinfold-thickness","display_name":"skinfold thickness","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-differences","display_name":"ethnic differences","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistani-children","display_name":"Pakistani children","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mother-child-pairs","display_name":"mother-child pairs","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/born-in-bradford-cohort","display_name":"Born in Bradford cohort","score":0.7710000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112672928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239526","display_name":"Offspring","level":3,"score":0.8521000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7232999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.6815000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6237999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.5008000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.498199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908807203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7994501","display_name":"White British","level":3,"score":0.4941999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.4196000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332428","display_name":"Overweight","level":3,"score":0.37770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778376644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253111","display_name":"Gestational age","level":3,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46973012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627","display_name":"Gestation","level":3,"score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020160449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797258","display_name":"Skinfold thickness","level":3,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4128476","display_name":"Birth weight","level":3,"score":0.34119999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777386904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic origin","level":3,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018380654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572348","display_name":"Fasting glucose","level":4,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779434492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126691","display_name":"Gestational diabetes","level":4,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180838311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3720208","display_name":"Maternal effect","level":4,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779422640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241451","display_name":"Childhood obesity","level":4,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61427482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6656244","display_name":"Anthropometry","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020672099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Longitudinal data","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778945730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1517875","display_name":"Sex characteristics","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.26734.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.26734.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.26734.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210218052","display_name":"Wellcome Open Research","issn_l":"2398-502X","issn":["2398-502X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311838","host_organization_name":"Wellcome","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311838"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wellcome"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wellcome Open Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.26734.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.26734.1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.26734.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210218052","display_name":"Wellcome Open Research","issn_l":"2398-502X","issn":["2398-502X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311838","host_organization_name":"Wellcome","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311838"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wellcome"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wellcome Open Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G102085092","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RP-PG-0407-10044","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335255","funder_display_name":"Programme Grants for Applied Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G205230472","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WT101597MA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335255","display_name":"Programme Grants for Applied Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W612972800","https://openalex.org/W1497488301","https://openalex.org/W1619743712","https://openalex.org/W1966484189","https://openalex.org/W1976542144","https://openalex.org/W1982243909","https://openalex.org/W2038071449","https://openalex.org/W2051325102","https://openalex.org/W2068260192","https://openalex.org/W2112406293","https://openalex.org/W2136742557","https://openalex.org/W2142125450","https://openalex.org/W2145072286","https://openalex.org/W2145290170","https://openalex.org/W2148068387","https://openalex.org/W2162180946","https://openalex.org/W2180787636","https://openalex.org/W2404215287","https://openalex.org/W2462454678","https://openalex.org/W2559125783","https://openalex.org/W2746393899","https://openalex.org/W2765741215","https://openalex.org/W2922534626","https://openalex.org/W2932671560","https://openalex.org/W2952686929","https://openalex.org/W2973619700","https://openalex.org/W3009509470","https://openalex.org/W3094110148","https://openalex.org/W3127951744","https://openalex.org/W4210575818","https://openalex.org/W4225725999","https://openalex.org/W4393301864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765741215","https://openalex.org/W2520628866","https://openalex.org/W1904450073","https://openalex.org/W3015390945","https://openalex.org/W2801850407","https://openalex.org/W7167408672","https://openalex.org/W2986142765","https://openalex.org/W2156307266","https://openalex.org/W2038071449","https://openalex.org/W758824951"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Maternal":[2,258],"BMI":[3,32,92,113,126,150,165,201,259,277],"and":[4,23,33,40,50,81,114,121,171,216,246,260],"gestational":[5],"glycaemia":[6,261],"are":[7],"associated":[8,128,161,228,263],"with":[9,36,129,156,162,174,205,229,264,271],"higher":[10,163],"offspring":[11,37,131,231,265],"adiposity,":[12,182,232],"but":[13],"it":[14],"remains":[15],"unclear":[16],"whether":[17],"these":[18],"associations":[19,29],"differ":[20],"by":[21,119,142,244,253],"ethnicity":[22,120,254],"fat":[24],"distribution.":[25],"We":[26,54],"examined":[27],"longitudinal":[28],"of":[30,74,151,176],"maternal":[31,112,125,149,200,224],"fasting":[34,115,225],"glucose":[35,226],"total,":[38],"central,":[39],"peripheral":[41],"adiposity":[42,68,107,132,143,266,284],"from":[43,57,86,95,268],"birth":[44,87],"to":[45,88,105,111],"mid-childhood":[46],"in":[47,61,64,109,135,167,187,196,213,219,240,283],"White":[48,169,220],"British":[49,170,221],"Pakistani":[51,172,188,214],"children.":[52,189,222],"Methods":[53],"analysed":[55],"data":[56],"8,857":[58],"mother\u2013child":[59],"pairs":[60],"the":[62,193],"Born":[63],"Bradford":[65],"cohort.":[66],"Offspring":[67],"was":[69,93,127,160,209,227,255],"assessed":[70,94],"using":[71],"repeated":[72],"measures":[73],"weight,":[75],"BMI,":[76],"subscapular":[77],"skinfold":[78,83,235],"thickness":[79,84],"(SSF),":[80],"triceps":[82],"(TSF)":[85],"ages":[89,96],"7\u20138":[90],"years;":[91],"4\u20138":[97],"years":[98],"only.":[99],"Linear":[100],"mixed-effects":[101],"models":[102],"were":[103,185,262],"used":[104],"estimate":[106],"trajectories":[108,267],"relation":[110],"glucose,":[116],"including":[117],"interactions":[118],"age.":[122],"Results":[123],"Higher":[124,223],"greater":[130,230],"across":[133],"childhood":[134],"both":[136,168],"ethnic":[137,238,281],"groups,":[138],"although":[139,237],"patterns":[140],"differed":[141],"measure.":[144],"At":[145,190],"age":[146,191,245],"7.5":[147],"years,":[148],"30":[152,202],"kg/m":[153,158,203,207],"2":[154,159,204,208],"compared":[155],"20":[157,206],"predicted":[164,194,241],"z-score":[166,198],"children,":[173],"differences":[175,184,239,273,282],"approximately":[177,210],"0.30\u20130.37":[178],"SD.":[179],"For":[180],"central":[181,275],"larger":[183,272],"observed":[186],"7.5,":[192],"difference":[195],"SSF":[197],"comparing":[199],"+0.32":[211],"SD":[212,218],"children":[215],"+0.27":[217],"particularly":[233],"for":[234,251,274],"thickness,":[236],"contrasts":[242],"varied":[243],"outcome.":[247],"Formal":[248],"statistical":[249],"evidence":[250],"interaction":[252],"limited.":[256],"Conclusions":[257],"early":[269],"life,":[270],"adiposity.":[276],"alone":[278],"may":[279],"underestimate":[280],"development.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2026-06-24T00:00:00"}