{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165643159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v9i1.42915","title":"Trustworthy Anomaly Detection in Industrial IoT-Enabled Cyber-Physical Systems Using Explainable Ensemble Learning","display_name":"Trustworthy Anomaly Detection in Industrial IoT-Enabled Cyber-Physical Systems Using Explainable Ensemble Learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165643159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v9i1.42915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaaiss.v9i1.42915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v9i1.42915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v9i1.42915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4389157828","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series","issn_l":"2994-4317","issn":["2994-4317"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v9i1.42915","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019629910","display_name":"Tamara Kokenovna Zhukabayeva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6345-5211","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6345-5211"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10232997","display_name":"L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0242cby63","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10232997"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamara Zhukabayeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10232997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002828790","display_name":"Zulfiqar Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6278-9516","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6278-9516"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I263208278","display_name":"Hazara University","ror":"https://ror.org/018y22094","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zulfiqar Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094149568","display_name":"Nurdaulet Karabayev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6532-6382","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6532-6382","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1955-2529"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10232997","display_name":"L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0242cby63","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10232997"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurdaulet Karabayev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10232997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092706653","display_name":"Yerik Mardenov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9284-9797","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9284-9797"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10232997","display_name":"L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0242cby63","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10232997"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yerik Mardenov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10232997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105099789","display_name":"Dilaram Baumuratova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4621-1886","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4621-1886","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6429-6435"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10232997","display_name":"L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0242cby63","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10232997"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dilaram Baumuratova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10232997"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076083494","display_name":"Hela Elmannai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2571-1848","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2571-1848"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hela Elmannai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"134","last_page":"141"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.7188000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.7188000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.17569999396800995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.023099999874830246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"anomaly detection","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-internet-of-things","display_name":"Industrial Internet of Things","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-systems","display_name":"cyber-physical systems","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/explainable-ai","display_name":"explainable AI","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stacking-ensemble","display_name":"stacking ensemble","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shap","display_name":"SHAP","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-manufacturing","display_name":"smart manufacturing","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-data","display_name":"sensor data","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xgboost","display_name":"XGBoost","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"support vector machine","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"multilayer perceptron","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"logistic regression","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-anomaly-detection","display_name":"real-time anomaly detection","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"interpretability","score":0.5600000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.6338000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6137999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5491999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4726000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.4693000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982736386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Statistical learning","level":2,"score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.436599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119898033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433888","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","level":2,"score":0.43160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.37720000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202839342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740481","display_name":"Industrial Internet","level":3,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaaiss.v9i1.42915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v9i1.42915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v9i1.42915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4389157828","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series","issn_l":"2994-4317","issn":["2994-4317"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.aaai.org:article/42915","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI-SS/article/view/42915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400155","display_name":"AAAI Publications (The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801652627","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801652627"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2994-4317","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaaiss.v9i1.42915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v9i1.42915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v9i1.42915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4389157828","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series","issn_l":"2994-4317","issn":["2994-4317"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.7207000255584717,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7133319529","https://openalex.org/W4406824884","https://openalex.org/W4417428389","https://openalex.org/W4405907276","https://openalex.org/W4416409951","https://openalex.org/W4285256586","https://openalex.org/W7165562821","https://openalex.org/W4285239820","https://openalex.org/W4297099474","https://openalex.org/W7160608842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cyber-physical":[0],"manufacturing":[1,34,134,204],"systems":[2,35,62],"based":[3],"on":[4,60],"industrial":[5,64,201],"IoT":[6,135],"generate":[7],"large":[8],"amounts":[9],"of":[10,50,56,63,97,103,109,149,155],"diverse":[11],"sensor":[12],"data.":[13],"This":[14,44],"makes":[15],"them":[16],"more":[17],"vulnerable":[18],"to":[19,25,92,120,130,175,196],"operational":[20],"abnormalities":[21],"that":[22,141,185],"can":[23,138],"lead":[24],"equipment":[26],"failure,":[27],"safety":[28],"risks,":[29],"and":[30,40,84,99,124,160,164,193],"produc-tion":[31],"downtime.":[32],"Intelligent":[33],"must":[36],"therefore":[37],"have":[38],"accurate":[39],"reliable":[41],"anomaly":[42,51,198],"detection.":[43],"paper":[45],"suggests":[46],"a":[47,116,131,190],"credible":[48],"system":[49],"detection":[52,122,199],"with":[53,171],"the":[54,88,94,101,110,142,153,157,168,179,186],"use":[55],"explainable":[57,169],"ensemble":[58,90,144],"learning":[59,72],"cyber-physical":[61,203],"IoT.":[65],"The":[66,106,182],"given":[67],"solution":[68,195],"combines":[69],"mul-tiple":[70],"machine":[71],"models,":[73],"such":[74],"as":[75],"XGBoost,":[76],"logistic":[77],"re-gression,":[78],"random":[79],"forest,":[80],"support":[81],"vector":[82],"machine,":[83],"multi-layer":[85],"perceptron,":[86],"into":[87,178],"stacking":[89],"architecture":[91],"consider":[93],"different":[95],"characteristics":[96],"data":[98],"minimize":[100],"bias":[102],"individual":[104],"models.":[105],"probabilistic":[107],"outputs":[108],"base":[111],"learners":[112],"are":[113],"combined":[114],"using":[115],"meta-model,":[117],"which":[118,151],"leads":[119],"better":[121],"accuracy":[123,148],"high":[125],"strength.":[126],"Through":[127],"experiments":[128],"applied":[129],"real-world":[132],"smart":[133],"dataset,":[136],"it":[137],"be":[139],"observed":[140],"proposed":[143,187],"model":[145],"has":[146],"an":[147],"97.98%,":[150],"is":[152,173],"highest":[154],"all":[156],"single":[158],"classifiers":[159],"balanced":[161],"across":[162],"normal":[163],"anomalous":[165],"classes.":[166],"Moreover,":[167],"AI":[170],"SHAP":[172],"imple-mented":[174],"allow":[176],"transparency":[177],"decision-making":[180],"pro-cess.":[181],"findings":[183],"validate":[184],"framework":[188],"pro-vides":[189],"scalable,":[191],"reliable,":[192],"interpretable":[194],"real-time":[197],"in":[200],"IoT-enabled":[202],"systems.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2026-06-24T00:00:00"}
