{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165355343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.104205","title":"A self-guided mobile app for symptoms of depression in adolescents: results of a randomized controlled trial (Preprint)","display_name":"A self-guided mobile app for symptoms of depression in adolescents: results of a randomized controlled trial (Preprint)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165355343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.104205"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2196/preprints.104205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.104205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.104205","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.104205","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091780065","display_name":"Daniella J. Furman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8746-3520","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8746-3520"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniella J. Furman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019280283","display_name":"Shana A. Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9686-8549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9686-8549"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shana A. Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9686-8549","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029520253","display_name":"Claudia Avina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6333-9683","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6333-9683"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Avina","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6333-9683","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061018800","display_name":"Emily E. Peake","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4359-8370","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4359-8370"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily E. Peake","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003663656","display_name":"Vera N. Kulikov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6598-3843","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6598-3843"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vera N. Kulikov","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138973957","display_name":"Sheryl Y. Nelson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheryl Y. Nelson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031291496","display_name":"Jessica I. Lake","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0682-8725","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0682-8725"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica I. Lake","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005543513","display_name":"Aarthi Padmanabhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3727-5468","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3727-5468"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aarthi Padmanabhan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3727-5468","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescent-depression","display_name":"adolescent depression","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-therapeutics","display_name":"digital therapeutics","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-health-apps","display_name":"mobile health apps","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-activation","display_name":"behavioral activation","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-guided-intervention","display_name":"self-guided intervention","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjunct-treatment","display_name":"adjunct treatment","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depressive-symptoms","display_name":"depressive symptoms","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-response","display_name":"treatment response","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remission","display_name":"remission","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antidepressant-use","display_name":"antidepressant use","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-durability","display_name":"treatment durability","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-mental-health-care","display_name":"access to mental health care","score":0.5929999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.798799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.7616000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.7477999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5598000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204243189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363085","display_name":"Randomization","level":3,"score":0.4943999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779363104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069079","display_name":"mHealth","level":3,"score":0.4641000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4390999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100480397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7836899","display_name":"Treatment and control groups","level":2,"score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778529449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778909","display_name":"Patient Health Questionnaire","level":4,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019858935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4340209","display_name":"Depressive symptoms","level":3,"score":0.39340001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781265626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147152","display_name":"Cognitive behavioral therapy","level":3,"score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.37439998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202953159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382695","display_name":"Intention-to-treat analysis","level":3,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780433410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276090","display_name":"Digital health","level":3,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4967030","display_name":"Brief intervention","level":3,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203092338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340863","display_name":"Clinical endpoint","level":3,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779891985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46994","display_name":"Telemedicine","level":3,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148374829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1891605","display_name":"Behavioral activation","level":3,"score":0.2703000009059906}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2196/preprints.104205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.104205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.104205","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2196/preprints.104205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.104205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.104205","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7084410140"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387101077","https://openalex.org/W4388267688","https://openalex.org/W4378087331","https://openalex.org/W4304631954","https://openalex.org/W4385254700","https://openalex.org/W4387504405","https://openalex.org/W4404623284","https://openalex.org/W4412063076","https://openalex.org/W4311011783","https://openalex.org/W4393584484"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND":[0],"Adolescent":[1],"depression":[2,76,103,211],"is":[3,308],"a":[4,27,59,85,117,145,253,338],"severe":[5],"public":[6],"health":[7,341],"crisis":[8],"exacerbated":[9],"by":[10,154],"extreme":[11],"provider":[12,120],"shortages":[13],"and":[14,55,79,157,198,226,252,269,283,312],"structural":[15],"barriers":[16],"to":[17,31,51,128,214,241,331],"care.":[18],"Self-guided":[19],"digital":[20,329],"therapeutics":[21,330],"based":[22,64],"on":[23,65],"evidence-based":[24],"psychotherapy":[25],"offer":[26],"potentially":[28],"scalable":[29,334],"solution":[30],"bridge":[32],"this":[33],"expanding":[34],"treatment":[35,72,131,195,243],"gap,":[36],"yet":[37],"robust":[38],"clinical":[39,335],"trial":[40,92],"evidence":[41],"demonstrating":[42],"their":[43],"efficacy":[44,54],"remains":[45],"limited.":[46],"OBJECTIVE":[47],"This":[48],"study":[49],"aimed":[50],"evaluate":[52],"the":[53,94,114,130,173,188,215,220,223,228,289,295,325],"safety":[56,281],"of":[57,75,116,222,327],"Spark,":[58],"5-week,":[60],"self-guided":[61],"smartphone":[62],"application":[63],"behavioral":[66,305],"activation":[67,306],"protocols,":[68],"as":[69],"an":[70,136,309],"adjunct":[71,314],"for":[73,148,183,316],"symptoms":[74,104,212,319],"in":[77,187,210,288,294,320],"adolescents":[78],"young":[80],"adults.":[81],"METHODS":[82],"We":[83],"conducted":[84],"decentralized,":[86],"parallel-group,":[87],"single-blind":[88],"(investigator)":[89],"randomized":[90,126],"controlled":[91],"across":[93,265],"United":[95],"States.":[96],"Participants":[97],"aged":[98],"13\u201321":[99],"years":[100],"with":[101,278],"self-reported":[102],"(8-item":[105],"Patient":[106],"Health":[107],"Questionnaire":[108],"[PHQ-8]":[109],"score":[110,171],"\u2265":[111],"5)":[112],"under":[113],"care":[115,142,297,336],"licensed":[118],"healthcare":[119],"were":[121,125,234,263],"recruited":[122],"online.":[123],"They":[124],"(1:1)":[127],"either":[129],"arm":[132,139,291,298],"(Spark":[133],"app)":[134,147],"or":[135],"active":[137],"control":[138,146,216],"(assessment-enhanced":[140],"usual":[141,296],"[eUC]":[143],"via":[144,168],"5":[149],"weeks.":[150],"Randomization":[151],"was":[152,163,276],"stratified":[153],"baseline":[155,267],"severity":[156,166],"medication":[158],"status.":[159],"The":[160,203,274],"primary":[161],"outcome":[162],"depressive":[164,318],"symptom":[165],"measured":[167],"total":[169],"PHQ-8":[170],"at":[172,218,227],"post-intervention":[174],"time":[175],"point":[176],"(week":[177],"5),":[178],"analyzed":[179],"using":[180],"mixed-effects":[181],"models":[182],"repeated":[184],"measures":[185],"(MMRM)":[186],"intention-to-treat":[189],"(ITT)":[190],"population.":[191],"Secondary":[192],"outcomes":[193],"included":[194],"response,":[196],"remission,":[197],"1-month":[199],"follow-up":[200,230],"durability.":[201],"RESULTS":[202],"Spark":[204,232,290],"group":[205,217],"showed":[206],"significantly":[207],"greater":[208],"reductions":[209],"compared":[213],"both":[219],"end":[221],"intervention":[224,275,315],"(p<0.001)":[225],"one-month":[229],"(p=0.008).":[231],"participants":[233],"also":[235],"nearly":[236],"three":[237],"times":[238],"more":[239],"likely":[240],"achieve":[242],"response":[244],"(31.7%":[245],"vs":[246,250,259],"11.6%),":[247],"remission":[248],"(24.9%":[249],"9.4%),":[251],"minimal":[254],"clinically":[255],"important":[256],"difference":[257],"(40.5%":[258],"15.8%).":[260],"Clinical":[261],"benefits":[262],"consistent":[264],"age,":[266],"severity,":[268],"concurrent":[270],"antidepressant":[271],"use":[272],"subgroups.":[273],"well-tolerated":[277],"no":[279],"significant":[280],"concerns,":[282],"fewer":[284],"adverse":[285],"events":[286],"reported":[287],"(n=6)":[292],"than":[293],"(n=16).":[299],"CONCLUSIONS":[300],"A":[301],"self-guided,":[302],"mobile":[303],"app-based":[304],"program":[307],"effective,":[310],"safe,":[311],"durable":[313],"reducing":[317],"adolescents.":[321],"These":[322],"findings":[323],"support":[324],"deployment":[326],"validated":[328],"provide":[332],"immediate,":[333],"within":[337],"strained":[339],"mental":[340],"infrastructure.":[342],"CLINICALTRIAL":[343],"ClinicalTrials.gov":[344],"Registration":[345],"Number:":[346],"NCT05462652":[347],"https://clinicaltrials.gov":[348],"INTERNATIONAL":[349],"REGISTERED":[350],"REPORT":[351],"RR2-10.2196/48740":[352]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-06-20T00:00:00"}
