{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165178034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-68-1-2026","title":"Platypus: a Python package for automated surrogate-assisted analysis of process-based simulations via the non-intrusive reduced-basis method","display_name":"Platypus: a Python package for automated surrogate-assisted analysis of process-based simulations via the non-intrusive reduced-basis method","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165178034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-68-1-2026"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/adgeo-68-1-2026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-68-1-2026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-68-1-2026","pdf_url":"https://adgeo.copernicus.org/articles/68/1/2026/adgeo-68-1-2026.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13330807","display_name":"Advances in geosciences","issn_l":"1680-7340","issn":["1680-7340","1680-7359"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Geosciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"software-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://adgeo.copernicus.org/articles/68/1/2026/adgeo-68-1-2026.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091231777","display_name":"Jorge N. Hayek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0351-3368","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0351-3368"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152878","display_name":"GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8jg394","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Nicolas Hayek","raw_affiliation_strings":["GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (Potsdam, Germany)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0351-3368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (Potsdam, Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030462244","display_name":"Mauro Cacace","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6101-9918","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6101-9918"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152878","display_name":"GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8jg394","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Cacace","raw_affiliation_strings":["GFZ Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Geoforschung, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6101-9918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GFZ Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Geoforschung, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028273163","display_name":"Marthe Faber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8076-4243","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8076-4243"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152878","display_name":"GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8jg394","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marthe Faber","raw_affiliation_strings":["GFZ Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Geoforschung, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GFZ Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Geoforschung, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093464531","display_name":"Yulia Gruzdeva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1372-9880","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1372-9880"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152878","display_name":"GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8jg394","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulia Gruzdeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["GFZ Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Geoforschung, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1372-9880","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GFZ Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Geoforschung, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090933810","display_name":"Denise Degen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7932-6251","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7932-6251"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152878","display_name":"GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8jg394","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denise Degen","raw_affiliation_strings":["GFZ Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Geoforschung, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany","Institute of Applied Geosciences, TU Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstra\u00dfe 9, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7932-6251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GFZ Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Geoforschung, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152878"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Applied Geosciences, TU Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstra\u00dfe 9, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":280,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":301},"apc_paid":{"value":280,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":301},"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"0","first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11801","display_name":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","score":0.8223000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11801","display_name":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","score":0.8223000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.1525000035762787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platypus","display_name":"platypus","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermo-hydro-mechanical-coupling","display_name":"thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluid-injection","display_name":"fluid injection","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-sensitivity-analysis","display_name":"global sensitivity analysis","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geothermal-reservoirs","display_name":"geothermal reservoirs","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-quantification","display_name":"uncertainty quantification","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python-library","display_name":"Python library","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-simulation","display_name":"ensemble simulation","score":0.6990000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.8575999736785889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.727400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32833848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115054","display_name":"Extensibility","level":2,"score":0.5493000149726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984074130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73539779","display_name":"R package","level":2,"score":0.46160000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4440999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.4287000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019060180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automated method","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5194/adgeo-68-1-2026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-68-1-2026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-68-1-2026","pdf_url":"https://adgeo.copernicus.org/articles/68/1/2026/adgeo-68-1-2026.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13330807","display_name":"Advances in geosciences","issn_l":"1680-7340","issn":["1680-7340","1680-7359"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Geosciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0089791ac24046c29b6f0c5f9b91030b","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0089791ac24046c29b6f0c5f9b91030b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Geosciences, Vol 68, Pp 1-11 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20734438","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20734438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20734438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Software"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.20734439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20734439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20734439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Software"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23498452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23498452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23498452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Software"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/adgeo-68-1-2026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-68-1-2026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-68-1-2026","pdf_url":"https://adgeo.copernicus.org/articles/68/1/2026/adgeo-68-1-2026.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13330807","display_name":"Advances in geosciences","issn_l":"1680-7340","issn":["1680-7340","1680-7359"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Geosciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1835677665","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16|S24062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322744","display_name":"Brandenburger Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kultur","ror":"https://ror.org/02vcjcj30"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7165178034.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7165178034.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1158198996","https://openalex.org/W1964954820","https://openalex.org/W2017001763","https://openalex.org/W2029767409","https://openalex.org/W2031946900","https://openalex.org/W2151582349","https://openalex.org/W2152896489","https://openalex.org/W2158984759","https://openalex.org/W2468126142","https://openalex.org/W2569457803","https://openalex.org/W2602390818","https://openalex.org/W2604239613","https://openalex.org/W2729558485","https://openalex.org/W2766298346","https://openalex.org/W2772097715","https://openalex.org/W2772709428","https://openalex.org/W2805570765","https://openalex.org/W2885397520","https://openalex.org/W2891068943","https://openalex.org/W2897096060","https://openalex.org/W2945475836","https://openalex.org/W2949676527","https://openalex.org/W3000508506","https://openalex.org/W3082693509","https://openalex.org/W3133270374","https://openalex.org/W4200103855","https://openalex.org/W4237151101","https://openalex.org/W4300580367","https://openalex.org/W4306810328","https://openalex.org/W4312362262","https://openalex.org/W4381736796","https://openalex.org/W4389981268","https://openalex.org/W4403915563","https://openalex.org/W4407312921","https://openalex.org/W4410344641","https://openalex.org/W4411549160","https://openalex.org/W4412434520","https://openalex.org/W4412449904","https://openalex.org/W4416788868","https://openalex.org/W6944836134","https://openalex.org/W6950140870","https://openalex.org/W6969699759","https://openalex.org/W7135385481"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6966490236","https://openalex.org/W3184681980","https://openalex.org/W7197007380","https://openalex.org/W7162638531","https://openalex.org/W4200058627","https://openalex.org/W4388346658","https://openalex.org/W4300541782","https://openalex.org/W2572479996","https://openalex.org/W7222825606","https://openalex.org/W6966280956"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modelling":[0],"the":[1,22,55,84,112,123,150,158],"dynamic":[2],"response":[3],"of":[4,21,122,135,201],"reservoirs":[5],"to":[6,57,99,116,161,184],"fluid":[7],"injection":[8],"often":[9],"relies":[10],"on":[11,141],"fully":[12],"coupled":[13,164],"thermo-hydro-mechanical":[14,167],"models,":[15],"which":[16],"provide":[17],"a":[18,65,132,145,190,199],"high-fidelity":[19],"representation":[20],"governing":[23],"physical":[24],"processes.":[25],"These":[26,155],"models":[27,108],"support":[28],"operational":[29],"and":[30,36,52,74,90,96,103,149,166,173,187],"design":[31],"decisions":[32],"under":[33],"significant":[34],"geological":[35],"parametric":[37],"uncertainties.":[38,61],"However,":[39],"their":[40,46],"high":[41],"computational":[42],"cost":[43],"severely":[44],"limits":[45],"applicability":[47],"in":[48],"large-scale":[49],"statistical":[50,128],"analysis":[51,129],"thus":[53],"limiting":[54],"potential":[56],"account":[58],"for":[59,193],"these":[60],"We":[62],"present":[63],"Platypus,":[64],"Python":[66],"package":[67,78,138],"that":[68,130],"bridges":[69],"full-order":[70],"process-based":[71],"reservoir":[72,125,147,195],"simulations":[73],"surrogate-based":[75],"analysis.":[76,106],"The":[77,137],"provides":[79],"automated,":[80],"reproducible":[81],"workflows":[82,197],"covering":[83],"full":[85],"pipeline":[86],"from":[87],"parameter":[88],"sampling":[89],"simulation":[91,171],"interfacing,":[92],"through":[93],"ensemble":[94],"curation":[95],"data":[97],"management,":[98],"surrogate":[100],"model":[101],"construction":[102],"global":[104,175],"sensitivity":[105,176],"Surrogate":[107],"are":[109],"built":[110],"via":[111],"non-intrusive":[113],"reduced-basis":[114],"method":[115],"deliver":[117],"computationally":[118],"efficient,":[119],"physics-consistent":[120],"approximations":[121],"transient":[124],"response,":[126],"enabling":[127],"require":[131],"large":[133,170],"number":[134],"evaluations.":[136],"is":[139,182],"demonstrated":[140],"two":[142],"geothermal":[143,153],"applications:":[144],"synthetic":[146],"benchmark":[148],"Gro\u00df":[151],"Sch\u00f6nebeck":[152],"site.":[154],"examples":[156],"illustrate":[157],"package's":[159],"ability":[160],"handle":[162],"time-dependent":[163],"hydrothermal":[165],"processes,":[168],"manage":[169],"ensembles,":[172],"perform":[174],"analyses":[177],"enabled":[178],"by":[179],"surrogates.":[180],"Platypus":[181],"designed":[183],"be":[185],"modular":[186],"extensible,":[188],"providing":[189],"flexible":[191],"tool":[192],"ensemble-based":[194],"modelling":[196],"across":[198],"range":[200],"subsurface":[202],"applications.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-06-19T00:00:00"}
