{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165166759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/aia/5039599","title":"Leveraging IoT\u2010Based Smart Irrigation Systems to Enhance Rice Productivity: A Case Study of Smallholder Farmers in the Muvumba Valley Irrigation Scheme, Eastern Rwanda","display_name":"Leveraging IoT\u2010Based Smart Irrigation Systems to Enhance Rice Productivity: A Case Study of Smallholder Farmers in the Muvumba Valley Irrigation Scheme, Eastern Rwanda","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165166759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/aia/5039599"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/aia/5039599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/aia/5039599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/aia/5039599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240776","display_name":"Advances in Agriculture","issn_l":"2314-7539","issn":["2314-7539","2356-654X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/aia/5039599","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077545329","display_name":"Peace Bamurigire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9884-9787","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9884-9787"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266314","display_name":"College of Science and Technology - University of Rwanda","ror":"https://ror.org/023czzp12","country_code":"RW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849","https://openalex.org/I4405266314"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peace Bamurigire","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Technology ,  University of Rwanda ,  Kigali ,  Rwanda , ur.ac.rw"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9884-9787","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Technology ,  University of Rwanda ,  Kigali ,  Rwanda , ur.ac.rw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138926916","display_name":"Jane Murerwa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266314","display_name":"College of Science and Technology - University of Rwanda","ror":"https://ror.org/023czzp12","country_code":"RW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849","https://openalex.org/I4405266314"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jane Murerwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Technology ,  University of Rwanda ,  Kigali ,  Rwanda , ur.ac.rw"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Technology ,  University of Rwanda ,  Kigali ,  Rwanda , ur.ac.rw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026516011","display_name":"Evariste Twahirwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6758-3659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6758-3659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266314","display_name":"College of Science and Technology - University of Rwanda","ror":"https://ror.org/023czzp12","country_code":"RW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849","https://openalex.org/I4405266314"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evariste Twahirwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Technology ,  University of Rwanda ,  Kigali ,  Rwanda , ur.ac.rw"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6758-3659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Technology ,  University of Rwanda ,  Kigali ,  Rwanda , ur.ac.rw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070104020","display_name":"Kambombo Mtonga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9865-375X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9865-375X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kambombo Mtonga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Education and Training Development Consulting ,  Lilongwe ,  Malawi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Education and Training Development Consulting ,  Lilongwe ,  Malawi","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092581309","display_name":"Kellen Sumwiza","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266314","display_name":"College of Science and Technology - University of Rwanda","ror":"https://ror.org/023czzp12","country_code":"RW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849","https://openalex.org/I4405266314"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumwiza Kellen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Technology ,  University of Rwanda ,  Kigali ,  Rwanda , ur.ac.rw"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Technology ,  University of Rwanda ,  Kigali ,  Rwanda , ur.ac.rw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064981494","display_name":"Kayalvizhi Jayavel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6160-1374","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6160-1374"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86211378","display_name":"University of the Arts London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cnfrn26","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86211378"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kayalvizhi Jayavel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Creative Computing Institute ,  University of the Arts London , 272 High Holborn,  London ,  WC1V 7EY ,  UK , arts.ac.uk"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Creative Computing Institute ,  University of the Arts London , 272 High Holborn,  London ,  WC1V 7EY ,  UK , arts.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86211378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138905929","display_name":"Pelin Mutanguha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266314","display_name":"College of Science and Technology - University of Rwanda","ror":"https://ror.org/023czzp12","country_code":"RW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849","https://openalex.org/I4405266314"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pelin Mutanguha","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Technology ,  University of Rwanda ,  Kigali ,  Rwanda , ur.ac.rw"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Technology ,  University of Rwanda ,  Kigali ,  Rwanda , ur.ac.rw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138868233","display_name":"Samuel G. Mushabe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266314","display_name":"College of Science and Technology - University of Rwanda","ror":"https://ror.org/023czzp12","country_code":"RW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849","https://openalex.org/I4405266314"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel G. Mushabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Technology ,  University of Rwanda ,  Kigali ,  Rwanda , ur.ac.rw"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Technology ,  University of Rwanda ,  Kigali ,  Rwanda , ur.ac.rw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047161120","display_name":"James Rwigema","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-9725","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-9725"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266314","display_name":"College of Science and Technology - University of Rwanda","ror":"https://ror.org/023czzp12","country_code":"RW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849","https://openalex.org/I4405266314"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Rwigema","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Technology ,  University of Rwanda ,  Kigali ,  Rwanda , ur.ac.rw"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-9725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Technology ,  University of Rwanda ,  Kigali ,  Rwanda , ur.ac.rw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266314"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092444004","display_name":"Christine Musanase","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3032-173X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3032-173X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266314","display_name":"College of Science and Technology - University of Rwanda","ror":"https://ror.org/023czzp12","country_code":"RW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087849","https://openalex.org/I4405266314"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Musanase Christine","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Technology ,  University of Rwanda ,  Kigali ,  Rwanda , ur.ac.rw"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Technology ,  University of Rwanda ,  Kigali ,  Rwanda , ur.ac.rw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266314"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077545329"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266314"],"apc_list":{"value":860,"currency":"USD","value_usd":860},"apc_paid":{"value":860,"currency":"USD","value_usd":860},"fwci":2.7568,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82528374,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2026","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13478","display_name":"Agricultural Development and Management","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-irrigation","display_name":"smart irrigation","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rice-cultivation","display_name":"rice cultivation","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farmers","display_name":"smallholder farmers","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation-scheduling","display_name":"irrigation scheduling","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilizer-management","display_name":"fertilizer management","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmer-technology-adoption","display_name":"farmer technology adoption","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainfall-variability","display_name":"rainfall variability","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/needs-assessment","display_name":"needs assessment","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-agriculture","display_name":"precision agriculture","score":0.4880000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.6488999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.6330999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5561000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37621935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3606845","display_name":"Agricultural science","level":1,"score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5188000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3873000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.34850001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85582077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842623","display_name":"Paddy field","level":2,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128383755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816336","display_name":"Agricultural productivity","level":3,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110158866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462136","display_name":"Water conservation","level":3,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989343102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1402508","display_name":"Field survey","level":2,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777655017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501161","display_name":"Toolbox","level":2,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991963186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5090","display_name":"Rice farming","level":3,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112077630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623678","display_name":"Irrigation management","level":3,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/aia/5039599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/aia/5039599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/aia/5039599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240776","display_name":"Advances in Agriculture","issn_l":"2314-7539","issn":["2314-7539","2356-654X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk:27794","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/id/eprint/27794/","pdf_url":"https://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/id/eprint/27794/1/Advances%20in%20Agriculture%20article.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400021","display_name":"University of the Arts London Research Online (University of the Arts London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I86211378","host_organization_name":"University of the Arts London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86211378"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7ad3b581cb75426e85f66f49ea9ea11c","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7ad3b581cb75426e85f66f49ea9ea11c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Agriculture, Vol 2026 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/aia/5039599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/aia/5039599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/aia/5039599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240776","display_name":"Advances in Agriculture","issn_l":"2314-7539","issn":["2314-7539","2356-654X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7165166759.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7165166759.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562261763","https://openalex.org/W1812936673","https://openalex.org/W2025150250","https://openalex.org/W2098732937","https://openalex.org/W2252376728","https://openalex.org/W2281718590","https://openalex.org/W2327368039","https://openalex.org/W2587466508","https://openalex.org/W2735442963","https://openalex.org/W2925909413","https://openalex.org/W2947111799","https://openalex.org/W3088778107","https://openalex.org/W3133531081","https://openalex.org/W4210522369","https://openalex.org/W4285043374","https://openalex.org/W4294591107","https://openalex.org/W4308975091","https://openalex.org/W4313150028"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402687043","https://openalex.org/W2910645209","https://openalex.org/W4378649728","https://openalex.org/W4293247247","https://openalex.org/W7156202529","https://openalex.org/W3089857326","https://openalex.org/W4385557986","https://openalex.org/W7169597858","https://openalex.org/W3176756525","https://openalex.org/W4402465361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,15,26,78,124,210,239],"results":[4,234],"of":[5,25,72,148,154,238],"a":[6,43,64,83,220],"needs":[7],"assessment":[8,27,144],"done":[9],"with":[10,48],"small\u2010scale":[11],"rice":[12,49,75,149,158,176,207],"farmers":[13,33,76,97,208,240],"in":[14,20,77,117,186,209,223],"Muvumba":[16,79,211],"Valley":[17,212],"irrigation":[18,229],"scheme":[19],"Eastern":[21],"Rwanda.":[22],"The":[23,61,94,143,202],"goal":[24],"was":[28],"to":[29,40,55,90,113,122,136,164,192,243],"learn":[30,244],"about":[31,98],"how":[32,102,172,197],"currently":[34],"farm":[35],"and":[36,57,86,107,127,140,157,168,171,195,230,245],"what":[37],"they":[38,103,109,198],"need":[39],"help":[41,47,227],"create":[42,128],"system":[44],"that":[45,181,205,225,236],"can":[46,226],"production":[50,215],"by":[51],"telling":[52],"them":[53],"when":[54],"water":[56,194,199],"fertilize":[58],"their":[59,99,200],"crops.":[60],"research":[62],"employed":[63],"mixed":[65],"methodology.":[66],"Data":[67],"were":[68],"collected":[69],"from":[70],"325":[71],"2084":[73],"smallholder":[74],"Valley.":[80],"We":[81,119,131],"made":[82],"structured":[84],"questionnaire":[85],"used":[87,120,133],"Kobo":[88],"Toolbox":[89],"give":[91],"it":[92,190],"out.":[93],"survey":[95],"asked":[96],"farming":[100,161,165,248],"methods,":[101,162],"monitor":[104],"field":[105],"conditions,":[106],"whether":[108],"would":[110],"be":[111],"open":[112],"using":[114],"technology\u2010based":[115],"solutions":[116],"agriculture.":[118],"SPSS":[121],"analyze":[123],"quantitative":[125],"data":[126],"descriptive":[129],"statistics.":[130],"also":[132,219],"content":[134],"analysis":[135],"understand":[137],"farmers\u2019":[138,152],"experiences":[139],"feelings":[141],"better.":[142],"examined":[145],"various":[146],"aspects":[147],"farming,":[150],"including":[151],"knowledge":[153],"soil":[155],"types":[156],"varieties,":[159],"common":[160],"access":[163],"supplies,":[166],"watering":[167],"fertilizing":[169],"practices,":[170],"weather":[173],"changes":[174],"affect":[175],"production.":[177],"All":[178],"participants":[179],"indicated":[180,241],"rainfall":[182],"patterns":[183],"have":[184],"changed":[185],"recent":[187],"years,":[188],"making":[189],"harder":[191],"get":[193],"affecting":[196],"plants.":[201],"findings":[203],"revealed":[204],"while":[206],"face":[213],"several":[214],"challenges,":[216],"there":[217],"is":[218],"strong":[221],"interest":[222],"technologies":[224],"improve":[228],"fertilization":[231],"management,":[232],"where":[233],"show":[235],"99.40%":[237],"willingness":[242],"use":[246],"smart":[247],"systems.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-06-19T00:00:00"}
