{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165143603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.70158","title":"Measuring mechanical properties of soft microspheres: Implications for degenerative arthritis treatment","display_name":"Measuring mechanical properties of soft microspheres: Implications for degenerative arthritis treatment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165143603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.70158"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/pi.70158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.70158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.70158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162033819","display_name":"Polymer International","issn_l":"0959-8103","issn":["0959-8103","1097-0126"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymer International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138947866","display_name":"Seohyun Baek","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112728665","display_name":"Hannam University","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwbae71","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112728665"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seohyun Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Materials Hannam University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Materials Hannam University  Daejeon Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112728665"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020533259","display_name":"Youngbae Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2830-1860","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2830-1860"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184908088","display_name":"Korea Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/024ctqw02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184908088"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngbae Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and System Engineering Korea Military Academy  Seoul Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and System Engineering Korea Military Academy  Seoul Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184908088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109500051","display_name":"Sang Hyuk Yum","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35886859","display_name":"Korea University of Technology and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/053nycv62","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35886859"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang Hyuk Yum","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering Korea University of Technology and Education (KOREATECH)  Cheonan Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering Korea University of Technology and Education (KOREATECH)  Cheonan Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35886859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102502798","display_name":"Min Kwan Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3795-754X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3795-754X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112728665","display_name":"Hannam University","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwbae71","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112728665"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Kwan Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Materials Hannam University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Materials Hannam University  Daejeon Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112728665"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044707550","display_name":"Yang Ho Na","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3039-0102","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3039-0102"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112728665","display_name":"Hannam University","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwbae71","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112728665"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Ho Na","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Materials Hannam University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3039-0102","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Materials Hannam University  Daejeon Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112728665"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044707550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112728665"],"apc_list":{"value":3890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36183551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"11","first_page":"1176","last_page":"1182"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10343","display_name":"Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications","score":0.6615999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1313","display_name":"Molecular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10343","display_name":"Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications","score":0.6615999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1313","display_name":"Molecular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10379","display_name":"Cellular Mechanics and Interactions","score":0.061900001019239426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11379","display_name":"Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies","score":0.04320000112056732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-properties","display_name":"mechanical properties","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-modulus","display_name":"compressive modulus","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shear-modulus","display_name":"shear modulus","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osmotic-compression","display_name":"osmotic compression","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoarthritis","display_name":"osteoarthritis","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-engineering-scaffolds","display_name":"tissue engineering scaffolds","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microparticle-preparation","display_name":"microparticle preparation","score":0.5709999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7178000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136948725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458306","display_name":"Soft tissue","level":2,"score":0.5152000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5134000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121854251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62932","display_name":"Elasticity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5077000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909361675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712821","display_name":"Mechanical compression","level":2,"score":0.5073999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189942447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61186","display_name":"Microsphere","level":2,"score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193867417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889814","display_name":"Modulus","level":2,"score":0.44350001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41279357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466","display_name":"Shear modulus","level":2,"score":0.44209998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.43560001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196029304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584","display_name":"Young's modulus","level":2,"score":0.4226999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180016635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712821","display_name":"Compression (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43486711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192005","display_name":"Elastic modulus","level":2,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121089165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889796","display_name":"Moduli","level":2,"score":0.3528999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196806460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188603","display_name":"Capillary action","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96035792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43606218","display_name":"Shear (geology)","level":2,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777077863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170990","display_name":"Arthritis","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186541917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910483","display_name":"Viscoelasticity","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/pi.70158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.70158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.70158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162033819","display_name":"Polymer International","issn_l":"0959-8103","issn":["0959-8103","1097-0126"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Polymer International","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.40255284309387207,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8284802928","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20022831","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321229","display_name":"Hannam University","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwbae71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985486228","https://openalex.org/W2033778338","https://openalex.org/W2049572328","https://openalex.org/W2057785520","https://openalex.org/W2061928761","https://openalex.org/W2111937141","https://openalex.org/W2160742626","https://openalex.org/W2591525223","https://openalex.org/W2740226484","https://openalex.org/W2828917163","https://openalex.org/W2998743749","https://openalex.org/W3045246418","https://openalex.org/W3127649354","https://openalex.org/W3176636030","https://openalex.org/W4223577503","https://openalex.org/W4224921965","https://openalex.org/W4323317415","https://openalex.org/W4388217741","https://openalex.org/W4391531994","https://openalex.org/W4396873248","https://openalex.org/W4402392472","https://openalex.org/W4408078496","https://openalex.org/W4412017690"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Micro\u2010sized":[1],"spheres":[2],"with":[3],"various":[4,23],"functions":[5],"have":[6,27],"been":[7],"developed":[8],"using":[9],"phase":[10],"separation,":[11],"polymerization,":[12],"spray":[13],"drying,":[14],"and":[15,17,32,40,49,87,102,113,124],"microfluidics,":[16],"these":[18],"microspheres":[19,26,72,106],"are":[20,33],"used":[21,34,55],"in":[22,37,41,62,77],"fields.":[24],"Soft":[25],"relatively":[28],"low":[29,66],"elastic":[30],"moduli":[31,104],"as":[35],"scaffolds,":[36],"medical":[38],"applications,":[39],"tissue":[42],"engineering":[43],"due":[44],"to":[45,56,85,98,138],"their":[46,79,145],"biocompatibility,":[47],"flexibility,":[48],"deformability.":[50],"They":[51],"can":[52],"also":[53],"be":[54],"reduce":[57],"inflammation":[58],"that":[59],"causes":[60],"pain":[61],"arthritis":[63],"patients.":[64],"The":[65],"modulus":[67],"of":[68,70,105,141,151],"elasticity":[69],"soft":[71],"plays":[73],"an":[74],"important":[75],"role":[76],"determining":[78],"functionality.":[80],"Therefore,":[81],"it":[82],"is":[83],"essential":[84],"characterize":[86],"analyze":[88],"the":[89,100,125,139],"mechanical":[90,146],"properties.":[91,147],"In":[92],"this":[93],"study,":[94],"experiments":[95],"were":[96,132],"conducted":[97],"determine":[99],"compressive":[101],"shear":[103],"through":[107,128],"two":[108,129],"different":[109,130],"methods:":[110],"osmotic":[111],"compression":[112],"capillary":[114],"micromechanics.":[115],"An":[116],"experimental":[117],"setup":[118],"for":[119],"each":[120],"method":[121],"was":[122],"established":[123],"results":[126],"obtained":[127],"methods":[131],"quantitatively":[133],"compared.":[134],"This":[135],"study":[136],"contributes":[137],"preparation":[140],"microparticles":[142],"by":[143],"controlling":[144],"\u00a9":[148],"2026":[149],"Society":[150],"Chemical":[152],"Industry.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2026-06-19T00:00:00"}