{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165048841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcncw67598.2026.11555122","title":"A Sustainable and Intelligent Unified LPWAN-as-a-Service Framework for $\\mathbf{6 G}$ IoT Using RedCap","display_name":"A Sustainable and Intelligent Unified LPWAN-as-a-Service Framework for $\\mathbf{6 G}$ IoT Using RedCap","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165048841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcncw67598.2026.11555122"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcncw67598.2026.11555122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcncw67598.2026.11555122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcncw67598.2026.11555122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087893","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcncw67598.2026.11555122","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128639733","display_name":"Hassan Malik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027720641","display_name":"Syed Tariq Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4722-1786","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4722-1786","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-8855"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Tariq Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex,Colchester,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex,Colchester,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007498151","display_name":"Syed Kamran Haider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7568-3262","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7568-3262","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5826-199X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Kamran Haider","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of IoT Engineering, Hohai University,Changzhou,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of IoT Engineering, Hohai University,Changzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082156702","display_name":"Mahmoud A. Shawky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-8460","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-8460"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266782","display_name":"German International University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j3zem39","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266782"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud A. Shawky","raw_affiliation_strings":["German International University,Faculty of Informatics and Computer Science,Cairo,Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German International University,Faculty of Informatics and Computer Science,Cairo,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118267303","display_name":"Insaf Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7095-3831","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7095-3831"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Insaf Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex,Colchester,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex,Colchester,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3350767,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nb-iot","display_name":"NB-IoT","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lte-m","display_name":"LTE-M","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-reliable-and-low-latency-communications","display_name":"ultra-reliable low-latency communication","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficiency","display_name":"energy efficiency","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency-and-throughput","display_name":"throughput and latency","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-iot","display_name":"green Internet of Things","score":0.7149999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.536300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.46070000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.384799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3617999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.24709999561309814}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcncw67598.2026.11555122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcncw67598.2026.11555122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcncw67598.2026.11555122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087893","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/wcncw67598.2026.11555122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcncw67598.2026.11555122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wcncw67598.2026.11555122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087893","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2979999189","https://openalex.org/W2989646851","https://openalex.org/W3094098766","https://openalex.org/W3210951667","https://openalex.org/W3216103773","https://openalex.org/W4226440384","https://openalex.org/W4312187102","https://openalex.org/W4401163962","https://openalex.org/W4401509204","https://openalex.org/W4410808572"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7134872132","https://openalex.org/W2566803290","https://openalex.org/W7214646502","https://openalex.org/W2958271740","https://openalex.org/W2610836104","https://openalex.org/W7166320195","https://openalex.org/W6959709830","https://openalex.org/W7203717168","https://openalex.org/W7221556438","https://openalex.org/W3186548318"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"G":[0,55,126],"Reduced":[1],"Capability":[2],"(RedCap)":[3],"is":[4,150],"a":[5,44,81,185],"promising":[6],"technology":[7],"introduced":[8],"to":[9,37,57,73,156],"bridge":[10],"the":[11,59,104,124,138,159,167],"gap":[12],"between":[13],"legacy":[14,75,174],"LPWAN":[15,76,175],"technologies":[16],"(i.e.,":[17],"NB-IoT,":[18],"LTE-M,":[19],"URLLC)":[20],"and":[21,33,70,86,113,134,140,170],"full":[22],"5G":[23,26,83,101],"NR.":[24],"However,":[25],"RedCap":[27,84,161],"operates":[28],"with":[29,123],"fixed":[30],"radio":[31],"parameters":[32],"cannot":[34],"dynamically":[35,96],"adapt":[36],"changing":[38,97],"service":[39],"requirements.":[40],"This":[41,118],"paper":[42],"proposes":[43],"Unified":[45],"LPWAN-as-a-Service":[46],"(ULaaS)":[47],"framework":[48,91],"that":[49,158,180,188],"leverages":[50],"existing":[51],"provision":[52],"of":[53,129,144,148,173],"5":[54],"NR":[56],"optimize":[58],"RRC":[60],"parameters,":[61],"such":[62],"as":[63,184],"bandwidth":[64],"part,":[65],"power":[66],"class,":[67],"antenna":[68],"configuration,":[69],"modulation":[71],"scheme,":[72],"support":[74],"technologies-inspired":[77],"operational":[78],"behaviours":[79],"within":[80],"Single":[82],"device":[85],"policy-driven":[87],"network":[88],"architecture.":[89],"The":[90,146,177],"enables":[92],"multi-persona":[93],"operation":[94],"by":[95],"configurations":[98],"through":[99],"standard":[100],"management":[102],"entities-specifically":[103],"Network":[105],"Exposure":[106],"Function":[107,111,116],"(NEF),":[108],"Policy":[109],"Control":[110],"(PCF),":[112],"Session":[114],"Management":[115],"(SMF).":[117],"software-driven":[119],"approach":[120],"aligns":[121],"well":[122],"6":[125],"design":[127],"principles":[128],"intelligent":[130,141],"control,":[131],"hardware":[132],"reuse,":[133],"resource-efficient":[135],"networking,":[136],"enabling":[137],"sustainable":[139],"Green":[142],"Internet":[143],"Things.":[145],"implementation":[147],"ULaaS":[149,181],"realized":[151],"on":[152],"MATLAB-based":[153],"waveform-assisted":[154],"evaluation":[155],"demonstrate":[157],"adaptive":[160],"parameter":[162],"tuning":[163],"can":[164,182],"effectively":[165],"approximate":[166],"latency,":[168],"throughput,":[169],"energyefficiency":[171],"behavior":[172],"technologies.":[176],"results":[178],"show":[179],"serve":[183],"unified":[186],"layer":[187],"enhances":[189],"RedCap's":[190],"flexibility":[191],"for":[192],"heterogeneous":[193],"IoT":[194],"deployments.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-06-18T00:00:00"}
