{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164936330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/flupu.2026.1819508","title":"Oral contraceptive pill Use is associated with lower levels of plasma calprotectin in premenopausal women","display_name":"Oral contraceptive pill Use is associated with lower levels of plasma calprotectin in premenopausal women","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164936330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/flupu.2026.1819508","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42389289","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13322646"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/flupu.2026.1819508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/flupu.2026.1819508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/flupu.2026.1819508","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/lupus/articles/10.3389/flupu.2026.1819508/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288846","display_name":"Frontiers in Lupus","issn_l":"2813-6934","issn":["2813-6934"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Lupus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/lupus/articles/10.3389/flupu.2026.1819508/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114428280","display_name":"Daniele Marcy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7641-7193","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7641-7193"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Marcy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005848440","display_name":"Caroline Maretz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1175-0240","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1175-0240"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caroline Maretz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051154176","display_name":"Kristin Sturm","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristin Sturm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039653320","display_name":"Claudia Lugo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Lugo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011051142","display_name":"Kevin D. Deane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2211-4861","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2211-4861"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin D. Deane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040063597","display_name":"Vernon Michael Holers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5634-7746","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5634-7746"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Michael Holers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011886992","display_name":"Jill M. Norris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8674-2598","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8674-2598"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151808059","display_name":"Colorado School of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/005x9g035","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151808059"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jill M. Norris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado School of Public Health"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado School of Public Health","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151808059"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043941500","display_name":"JoAnn Zell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JoAnn Zell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045733957","display_name":"Mary Kristen Demoruelle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2563-5155","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2563-5155"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51713134","display_name":"University of Colorado Anschutz","ror":"https://ror.org/03wmf1y16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51713134"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I921990950","display_name":"University of Colorado Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/02hh7en24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Kristen Demoruelle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134","https://openalex.org/I921990950"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114428280"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51713134","https://openalex.org/I921990950"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31606674,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12030","display_name":"S100 Proteins and Annexins","score":0.4553000032901764,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12030","display_name":"S100 Proteins and Annexins","score":0.4553000032901764,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11597","display_name":"Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms","score":0.17810000479221344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10308","display_name":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research","score":0.17470000684261322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-contraceptives","display_name":"oral contraceptives","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calprotectin","display_name":"calprotectin","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrophil-extracellular-traps","display_name":"neutrophil extracellular traps","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netosis","display_name":"NETosis","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premenopausal-women","display_name":"premenopausal women","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoimmune-disease-susceptibility","display_name":"autoimmune disease susceptibility","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-biomarkers","display_name":"plasma biomarkers","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lupus","display_name":"lupus","score":0.6119999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8784999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778292693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22328664","display_name":"Calprotectin","level":4,"score":0.8122000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777575956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187255","display_name":"Rheumatoid arthritis","level":2,"score":0.6431000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779075594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8084905","display_name":"Autoimmune disease","level":3,"score":0.6225000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134897094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7003141","display_name":"Neutrophil extracellular traps","level":3,"score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4693000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4235000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776912625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1485","display_name":"Systemic lupus erythematosus","level":3,"score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2745824","display_name":"Immunopathology","level":2,"score":0.3409000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81603835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457430","display_name":"Pill","level":2,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780130043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192360","display_name":"Autoimmunity","level":3,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777077863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170990","display_name":"Arthritis","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776232647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q702883","display_name":"Rheumatoid factor","level":3,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776670291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779300","display_name":"Connective tissue disease","level":4,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/flupu.2026.1819508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/flupu.2026.1819508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/flupu.2026.1819508","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/lupus/articles/10.3389/flupu.2026.1819508/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288846","display_name":"Frontiers in Lupus","issn_l":"2813-6934","issn":["2813-6934"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Lupus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42389289","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42389289","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in lupus","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:10dc837e981c4e1389c335398eccf220","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/10dc837e981c4e1389c335398eccf220","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Lupus, Vol 4 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/flupu.2026.1819508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/flupu.2026.1819508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/flupu.2026.1819508","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/lupus/articles/10.3389/flupu.2026.1819508/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288846","display_name":"Frontiers in Lupus","issn_l":"2813-6934","issn":["2813-6934"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Lupus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8437831428","display_name":"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Lung and Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Related Autoimmunity and Arthritis","funder_award_id":"R01AR076450","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000915856","display_name":"Research Training in Rheumatology","funder_award_id":"T32AR007534","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/006zn3t30"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7164936330.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7164936330.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031073334","https://openalex.org/W2075537755","https://openalex.org/W2102414483","https://openalex.org/W2124141176","https://openalex.org/W2141522272","https://openalex.org/W2147849906","https://openalex.org/W2409717815","https://openalex.org/W2461036323","https://openalex.org/W2468439788","https://openalex.org/W2560816752","https://openalex.org/W2605271984","https://openalex.org/W2606558656","https://openalex.org/W2747194850","https://openalex.org/W2747489820","https://openalex.org/W2755370518","https://openalex.org/W2756145953","https://openalex.org/W2805311916","https://openalex.org/W2906009033","https://openalex.org/W2964826096","https://openalex.org/W3020864358","https://openalex.org/W3031005545","https://openalex.org/W3135491975","https://openalex.org/W3155910539","https://openalex.org/W3169432192","https://openalex.org/W4301391541","https://openalex.org/W4320038731"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2756342905","https://openalex.org/W2086618231","https://openalex.org/W2747489820","https://openalex.org/W2286313131","https://openalex.org/W2090744014","https://openalex.org/W2088125410","https://openalex.org/W2075537755","https://openalex.org/W4411420096","https://openalex.org/W2108827985","https://openalex.org/W3099255745"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Neutrophil":[1],"extracellular":[2],"traps":[3],"(NETs)":[4],"are":[5],"increasingly":[6],"recognized":[7],"as":[8,42],"having":[9],"important":[10,49],"roles":[11],"in":[12,38,55,142,166,201,224,233,246],"autoimmune":[13,18,52,72,226,244],"disease":[14,53,73,245],"pathogenesis.":[15,74],"In":[16],"many":[17],"diseases,":[19,227],"e.g.":[20],"rheumatoid":[21],"arthritis":[22],"(RA)":[23],"and":[24,64,89,121,154,205,218],"lupus":[25],"(SLE),":[26],"premenopausal":[27,39,80,93,203,206,247],"women":[28,81,94,129,167,204,207],"have":[29],"increased":[30],"incidence.":[31],"Understanding":[32],"immunologic":[33],"effects":[34],"of":[35],"exposures":[36],"common":[37],"women,":[40],"such":[41],"oral":[43],"contraceptive":[44],"pill":[45],"(OCP)":[46],"use,":[47],"is":[48,194,213,220],"to":[50,71,180],"understanding":[51],"risk":[54],"women.":[56,248],"We":[57],"investigated":[58],"the":[59,144],"relationship":[60],"between":[61,119],"OCP":[62,84,103,140,172,192,236],"use":[63,193,237],"circulating":[65],"calprotectin,":[66],"a":[67,215,231,240],"NETosis":[68,216,219,234],"marker":[69,217],"relevant":[70],"Methods:":[75],"164":[76],"samples":[77,91],"from":[78,92],"healthy":[79,202],"(65":[82],"current":[83,102,120,171],"users;":[85,104],"99":[86],"never/prior":[87,106,122,139,181],"users)":[88,107],"124":[90],"at-risk":[95,168,208],"for":[96,110,169,209],"RA":[97],"by":[98,114],"family":[99],"history":[100],"(57":[101],"67":[105],"were":[108,117],"tested":[109],"plasma":[111,135,176,199],"calprotectin":[112,136,177,200,212],"levels":[113,137],"ELISA.":[115],"Levels":[116],"compared":[118,179],"users":[123,141,173,182],"via":[124,235],"Welch's":[125],"T-test.":[126],"Results:":[127],"Healthy":[128],"currently":[130],"taking":[131],"OCPs":[132],"had":[133,174],"lower":[134,175,198],"than":[138],"both":[143],"derivation":[145],"(0.99":[146],"\u03bcg/mL":[147,157,184],"vs":[148,158,185],"1.38":[149],"\u03bcg/mL,":[150,160],"p":[151,161,187],"=":[152,162,188],"0.016)":[153],"validation":[155],"(0.9":[156],"1.4":[159],"0.001)":[163],"cohorts.":[164],"Similarly,":[165],"RA,":[170],"level":[178],"(1.19":[183],"1.74,":[186],"0.017).":[189],"Discussion:":[190],"Current":[191],"associated":[195,221],"with":[196,222],"significantly":[197],"RA.":[210],"Given":[211],"considered":[214],"pathogenesis":[223],"several":[225],"our":[228],"findings":[229],"suggest":[230],"reduction":[232],"could":[238],"be":[239],"potential":[241],"mechanism":[242],"influencing":[243]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-06-17T00:00:00"}