{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164669386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57647/jcns.2025.1102.12","title":"Response of Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Red Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to Chemical and Biological Nitrogen Fertilizers at Different Densities in South West of Iran (Lorestan Province)","display_name":"Response of Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Red Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to Chemical and Biological Nitrogen Fertilizers at Different Densities in South West of Iran (Lorestan Province)","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164669386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57647/jcns.2025.1102.12"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.57647/jcns.2025.1102.12","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57647/jcns.2025.1102.12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57647/jcns.2025.1102.12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052463","display_name":"OICC Press Journals","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4394709092","host_organization_name":"OICC Press (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.57647/jcns.2025.1102.12","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138567690","display_name":"Mamak Khorramabadi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114866","display_name":"Islamic Azad University Boroujerd Branch","ror":"https://ror.org/0265k0q35","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210114866"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khorramabadi, Mamak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, Bo, C., Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, Bo, C., Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066353864","display_name":"Amin Farnia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2110-391X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2110-391X","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7575-5807"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114866","display_name":"Islamic Azad University Boroujerd Branch","ror":"https://ror.org/0265k0q35","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210114866"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farnia, Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, Bo, C., Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2110-391X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, Bo, C., Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114866"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083228028","display_name":"Shahram Nakhjavan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3625-4793","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3625-4793"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114866","display_name":"Islamic Azad University Boroujerd Branch","ror":"https://ror.org/0265k0q35","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210114866"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nakhjavan, Shahram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, Bo, C., Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, Bo, C., Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114866"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114866"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.9110999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.9110999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.03799999877810478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13246","display_name":"Agriculture, Plant Science, Crop Management","score":0.01810000091791153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adzuki-bean","display_name":"Vigna angularis","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-bean","display_name":"Phaseolus vulgaris","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-density","display_name":"plant density","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-fertilization","display_name":"nitrogen fertilization","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofertilizers","display_name":"biofertilizers","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhizobium","display_name":"Rhizobium","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitroxin","display_name":"nitroxin","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-protein","display_name":"grain protein","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorophyll-content","display_name":"chlorophyll content","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carotenoids","display_name":"carotenoids","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-water-content","display_name":"relative water content","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-carbohydrates","display_name":"grain carbohydrates","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-enzymes","display_name":"antioxidant enzymes","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalase","display_name":"catalase","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peroxidase","display_name":"peroxidase","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superoxide-dismutase","display_name":"superoxide dismutase","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-yield","display_name":"seed yield","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lorestan-province","display_name":"Lorestan Province","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-fertility","display_name":"soil fertility","score":0.3059999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.7095999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776373379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43177","display_name":"Chlorophyll","level":2,"score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.6729000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5835999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.5813000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780434414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830142","display_name":"Rhizobium","level":3,"score":0.5321000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144938864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Randomized block design","level":2,"score":0.487199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28781525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191907","display_name":"Carotenoid","level":2,"score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192039558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3595890","display_name":"Biofertilizer","level":2,"score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181440489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272467","display_name":"Nitrogen fixation","level":3,"score":0.4140999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183688256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11982","display_name":"Photosynthesis","level":2,"score":0.400299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24525069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q923534","display_name":"Nitrogen deficiency","level":3,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993520016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316306","display_name":"Split plot","level":3,"score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161221295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185973","display_name":"Plant physiology","level":2,"score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778100927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943387","display_name":"Chlorophyll b","level":3,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.36970001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993605384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Nitrogen fertilizer","level":3,"score":0.36959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149849071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1263816","display_name":"Chemical composition","level":2,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778902199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133878","display_name":"Chlorophyll a","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780528068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8328350","display_name":"Plant nutrition","level":3,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152452498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910979","display_name":"Biological pigment","level":3,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141280058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410381","display_name":"Nitrogenase","level":4,"score":0.2554999887943268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.57647/jcns.2025.1102.12","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57647/jcns.2025.1102.12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57647/jcns.2025.1102.12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052463","display_name":"OICC Press Journals","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4394709092","host_organization_name":"OICC Press (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.57647/jcns.2025.1102.12","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57647/jcns.2025.1102.12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57647/jcns.2025.1102.12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052463","display_name":"OICC Press Journals","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4394709092","host_organization_name":"OICC Press (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":1.0,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2493563109","https://openalex.org/W7217290442","https://openalex.org/W2304962903","https://openalex.org/W4379517115","https://openalex.org/W2945373466","https://openalex.org/W2182637780","https://openalex.org/W3184889681","https://openalex.org/W2271021095","https://openalex.org/W7165567813","https://openalex.org/W3153522378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Inappropriate":[1],"crop":[2],"density":[3,97,140,165,176,214,247,258,394,408],"and":[4,15,24,43,62,70,101,111,117,123,141,157,169,204,215,222,232,259,285,306,316,324,337,350,361,379,387,395,401],"weak":[5],"soil":[6],"fertility":[7],"are":[8],"two":[9],"main":[10,106],"factors":[11],"affecting":[12],"on":[13,66,88,225],"physiological":[14,31,68,349],"biochemical":[16,351],"characteristics":[17],"of":[18,22,60,73,154,174,180,218,230,296,322,359,375,385,397],"red":[19,354],"bean.":[20],"Application":[21,321],"chemical":[23,61,155,219,236,273,289,362,388,402],"biological":[25,63,360],"Nitrogen":[26,64,108,142,156,220,237,274,290,363,389,403],"fertilizer":[27,109,221,238,275,291,390,404],"may":[28],"promote":[29,340],"some":[30,67],"traits":[32,69],"such":[33,332],"as":[34,333],"leaves":[35],"pigments,":[36],"protein,":[37],"sugar,":[38],"relative":[39,181],"water":[40,182],"content":[41,183],"(RWC)":[42,184],"also":[44],"enzymatic":[45],"antioxidant":[46,71,252,329,380],"system.":[47],"OBJECTIVES:":[48],"This":[49],"study":[50],"was":[51,82,149,254,270,383],"laid":[52],"out":[53],"in":[54,114,166,272,353],"order":[55],"to":[56,105,151,178,211,240,327],"investigate":[57],"the":[58,115,190,226,293,370],"effect":[59],"fertilizers":[65,161,364],"system":[72,253],"Red":[74],"Bean":[75],"at":[76,162,244,277,313,365,391,405],"different":[77],"densities.":[78,319],"METHODS:":[79],"The":[80,131,281],"experiment":[81],"conducted":[83],"via":[84],"split-split":[85],"plot":[86],"based":[87],"randomized":[89],"complete":[90],"block":[91],"design":[92],"with":[93,235,288,357],"four":[94],"replications.":[95],"Plant":[96],"treatments":[98,119],"(30,":[99],"40":[100,315,406],"50":[102,163,278,317],"plants.m-2)":[103],"belonged":[104],"plots,":[107],"(120":[110],"144":[112],"kg.ha-1)":[113],"sub-plots,":[116],"biofertilizer":[118],"(control,":[120],"Rhizobium,":[121,233],"Nitroxin":[122,158,231,284,323,386,398],"Rhizobium":[124,160,286,325,400],"+":[125,159,399],"Nitroxin)":[126],"were":[127,209],"for":[128,373],"sub-sub-plots.":[129],"RESULT:":[130],"results":[132],"showed":[133],"that":[134,145,263],"grain":[135,147,192],"protein":[136,148],"affected":[137,255],"by":[138,248,256],"plant":[139,175,257,377],"nutrition,":[143],"so":[144],"maximum":[146,264],"related":[150,210],"both":[152,216,228],"application":[153,217,283,358,384,396],"plants.m-2":[164],"Azna":[167],"(25.56%)":[168],"Dorud":[170],"(25.23%)":[171],"regions.":[172],"Increase":[173],"led":[177,239],"decrease":[179],"from":[185,344],"83%":[186],"until":[187],"54%.":[188],"Also,":[189,369],"highest":[191,294],"carbohydrates":[193],"(186.75":[194],"mg.g-1),":[195,199],"chlorophyll":[196,200,206],"a":[197],"(2.67":[198],"b":[201],"(1.25":[202],"mg.g-1)":[203,208],"total":[205],"(3.92":[207],"30":[212,245,366,392],"plant.m-2":[213,246,279,318,367,393,407],"Nitroxin.":[223],"Based":[224],"results,":[227],"applications":[229],"along":[234,287],"higher":[241,328,376],"leaf":[242],"Carotenoid":[243],"1.7":[249],"mg.g-1.":[250],"Enzymatic":[251],"fertilizers.":[260],"Results":[261],"revealed":[262],"Catalase":[265],"(CAT)":[266],"activity":[267,331,382],"(2798":[268],"nmol.min-1.g-1)":[269],"obtained":[271],"treatment":[276,372],"density.":[280,368],"simultaneous":[282],"produce":[292],"level":[295],"Peroxidase":[297],"(POX)":[298],"(305.5":[299],"nmol.min-1.g-1),":[300],"Superoxide":[301],"dismutase":[302],"(SOD)":[303],"(1.21":[304],"micromol.min-1.g-1)":[305,311],"Glutathione":[307],"reductase":[308],"(GR)":[309],"(945":[310],"activities":[312],"30,":[314],"CONCLUSION:":[320],"result":[326],"enzymes":[330,381],"CAT,":[334],"POX,":[335],"SOD":[336],"GR,":[338],"which":[339],"ROS":[341],"saved":[342],"cells":[343],"oxidation":[345],"damages.":[346],"However,":[347],"better":[348],"status":[352],"bean":[355],"achieved":[356],"best":[371],"achieving":[374],"pigments":[378],"respectively.":[409]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-24T07:57:37.273135","created_date":"2026-06-14T00:00:00"}