{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163886830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2026-999.31","title":"PP31 Role of the NHS ambulance service in identifying and addressing health inequalities. A service evaluation of North West ambulance service (NWAS) workforce\u2019 awareness, understanding and practice","display_name":"PP31 Role of the NHS ambulance service in identifying and addressing health inequalities. A service evaluation of North West ambulance service (NWAS) workforce\u2019 awareness, understanding and practice","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163886830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2026-999.31"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/emermed-2026-999.31","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2026-999.31","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2026-999.31","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S127305661","display_name":"Emergency Medicine Journal","issn_l":"1351-0622","issn":["1351-0622","1472-0205","1472-0213"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Poster Presentations","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-abstract","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091460170","display_name":"Claudia Soiland\u2010Reyes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7839-8432","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7839-8432"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103766","display_name":"North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/018qh5t24","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103766"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Soiland-Reyes","raw_affiliation_strings":["North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103766"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039779985","display_name":"Sammer Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4677-1172","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4677-1172"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802961082","display_name":"Cwm Taf University Health Board","ror":"https://ror.org/00rh52j13","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802961082","https://openalex.org/I4210144625"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sammer Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Abercynon, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Abercynon, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802961082"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017740455","display_name":"Stephen Clayton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2823-1495","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2823-1495"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Clayton","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052442247","display_name":"Steve Bell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3891-6623","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3891-6623"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103766","display_name":"North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/018qh5t24","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103766"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103766"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"A14.2","last_page":"A15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12041","display_name":"Public Health Policies and Education","score":0.19130000472068787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12041","display_name":"Public Health Policies and Education","score":0.19130000472068787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13633","display_name":"Public Health and Social Inequalities","score":0.16769999265670776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11095","display_name":"Emergency and Acute Care Studies","score":0.1665000021457672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-awareness","display_name":"employee awareness","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-promotion","display_name":"health promotion","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signposting","display_name":"signposting","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-training","display_name":"employee training","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nhs-111","display_name":"NHS 111","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paramedics","display_name":"paramedics","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-services","display_name":"emergency services","score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-health","display_name":"employee health","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-health","display_name":"population health","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-evaluation","display_name":"service evaluation","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation-barriers","display_name":"implementation barriers","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volunteers","display_name":"volunteers","score":0.3720000088214874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017853928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11114344","display_name":"North west","level":2,"score":0.6504999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017724717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860447","display_name":"Ambulance service","level":2,"score":0.6177999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5698000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.5084999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.48739999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986740045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health services","level":3,"score":0.4221000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.4180999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142546437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2661195","display_name":"Descriptive research","level":2,"score":0.3546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185618831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851928","display_name":"Health promotion","level":3,"score":0.3328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545288138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860447","display_name":"Emergency medical services","level":2,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017997152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q814610","display_name":"Emergency response","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/emermed-2026-999.31","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2026-999.31","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2026-999.31","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S127305661","display_name":"Emergency Medicine Journal","issn_l":"1351-0622","issn":["1351-0622","1472-0205","1472-0213"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Poster Presentations","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7164616188","https://openalex.org/W4398773832","https://openalex.org/W4293770133","https://openalex.org/W4387230213","https://openalex.org/W7098036938","https://openalex.org/W4253293857","https://openalex.org/W1547290964","https://openalex.org/W3161097406","https://openalex.org/W334133212","https://openalex.org/W7163941046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"The":[1,131],"Health":[2],"Care":[3],"Act":[4],"2022":[5],"places":[6],"mandatory":[7],"duties":[8],"on":[9,84,237,412],"NHS":[10,44,197,354],"organisations":[11],"to":[12,47,59,111,113,164,259,286,310,315,321,367],"reduce":[13],"health":[14,51,86,122,238,264,395,402],"inequalities.":[15],"To":[16,64],"support":[17,386],"this,":[18],"staff":[19,37,104,185],"must":[20],"be":[21],"equipped":[22],"with":[23,80,137,146,222],"appropriate":[24],"knowledge":[25,235],"and":[26,35,38,53,77,92,99,105,124,126,151,186,208,214,227,265,270,288,306,318,340,376,404,415],"skills.":[27],"A":[28],"service":[29,149],"evaluation":[30],"was":[31,155,162],"undertaken":[32],"across":[33,362],"clinical":[34],"non-clinical":[36],"volunteers":[39,106],"at":[40],"NWAS,":[41],"a":[42,234,292,302,322,335,390],"regional":[43],"ambulance":[45,355],"service,":[46],"assess":[48],"awareness":[49],"of":[50,73,121,216,230,243,280,300,304,324,329,350,401,406],"inequalities":[52,123,403],"Make":[54],"Every":[55],"Contact":[56],"Count":[57],"(MECC),":[58],"inform":[60],"future":[61],"training":[62,305,414],"design.":[63],"date,":[65],"there":[66],"is":[67,88,295,345,379],"limited":[68],"evidence":[69],"regarding":[70],"the":[71,90,223,346],"use":[72],"MECC":[74,247,293],"in":[75,94,129,308,337,392,399],"urgent":[76],"emergency":[78],"settings,":[79],"findings":[81],"indicated":[82,218],"uncertainty":[83],"whether":[85],"promotion":[87],"part":[89,299],"role,":[91],"gaps":[93,398],"training.":[95,250],"Methods":[96],"Between":[97],"March":[98],"April":[100],"2024,":[101],"all":[102],"NWAS":[103,332,388],"(approximately":[107],"7,415)":[108],"were":[109,144,169,182,191,220],"invited":[110],"respond":[112],"an":[114],"anonymous":[115],"structured":[116],"survey,":[117],"assessing":[118],"their":[119,127],"understanding":[120,400],"MECC,":[125,312,317],"application":[128],"practice.":[130],"survey":[132,349],"contained":[133],"41":[134],"closed":[135,165],"questions":[136],"4":[138],"open-ended":[139,281],"for":[140,387],"additional":[141],"insights.":[142],"Responses":[143],"anonymous,":[145],"only":[147,372,380],"area,":[148],"line,":[150],"role":[152,336,391],"collected.":[153],"Recruitment":[154],"through":[156],"self-selection":[157,368],"sampling.":[158],"Descriptive":[159],"statistical":[160],"analysis":[161,279,371,378],"applied":[163],"responses.":[166],"Open-ended":[167],"responses":[168,176,181,190,282,364],"analysed":[170],"thematically.":[171],"Results":[172],"Of":[173],"393":[174],"valid":[175],"(5.3%":[177],"response":[178,361],"rate),":[179],"62.1%":[180],"from":[183],"patient-facing":[184,252],"volunteers.":[187],"Across":[188],"roles,":[189,205,301,363],"20%":[192],"Paramedic":[193],"Emergency":[194,200],"Services,":[195],"18%":[196],"111,":[198],"17%":[199,203],"Operations":[201],"Centre,":[202],"Corporate":[204],"14%":[206],"Volunteers,":[207],"12%":[209],"Patient":[210],"Transport":[211],"Services.":[212],"84%":[213],"33%":[215],"respondents":[217,244,330],"they":[219],"familiar":[221],"terms":[224],"\u2018health":[225],"inequalities\u2019":[226,239],"\u2018wider":[228],"determinants":[229],"health\u2019":[231],"respectively,":[232],"highlighting":[233],"gap":[236],"contributory":[240],"factors.":[241],"16.5%":[242],"had":[245],"received":[246],"or":[248],"similar":[249],"Among":[251],"staff,":[253],"82%":[254,328],"agreed":[255,331],"that":[256,291],"signposting":[257],"patients":[258],"local":[260],"services":[261],"would":[262],"benefit":[263],"wellbeing;":[266],"23%":[267],"(in-person":[268],"facing)":[269,273],"10%":[271],"(remote":[272],"reported":[274],"doing":[275],"this":[276],"regularly.":[277],"Thematic":[278],"identified":[283],"interrelated":[284],"themes":[285],"barriers":[287],"opportunities,":[289],"including":[290],"approach":[294],"not":[296],"perceived":[297],"as":[298],"lack":[303],"confidence":[307],"abilities":[309],"do":[311,316],"system":[313],"limitations":[314,358],"improved":[319],"access":[320],"directory":[323],"available":[325],"services.":[326,356],"Overall,":[327],"should":[333,410],"play":[334],"improving":[338,393],"population":[339,394],"workforce":[341,385],"health.":[342],"Conclusions":[343],"This":[344],"first":[347],"known":[348],"its":[351],"kind":[352],"within":[353],"Study":[357],"include":[359],"low":[360],"are":[365],"subject":[366],"bias;":[369],"quantitative":[370],"uses":[373],"proportional":[374],"data,":[375],"qualitative":[377],"exploratory.":[381],"Findings":[382],"show":[383],"strong":[384],"having":[389],"but":[396],"reveal":[397],"implementation":[405],"MECC.":[407],"Future":[408],"efforts":[409],"focus":[411],"tailored":[413],"support.":[416]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2026-06-09T00:00:00"}