{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163714740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110892","title":"Multi-scale assessment of wavelet-guided deep learning for reference evapotranspiration forecasting to support vineyard water management","display_name":"Multi-scale assessment of wavelet-guided deep learning for reference evapotranspiration forecasting to support vineyard water management","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163714740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110892"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104641133","display_name":"Agricultural Water Management","issn_l":"0378-3774","issn":["0378-3774","1873-2283"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agricultural Water Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110892","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121323985","display_name":"Rui Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6127-0843","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6127-0843"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156087764","display_name":"University of California, Merced","ror":"https://ror.org/00d9ah105","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6127-0843","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078840616","display_name":"Mohammad Safeeq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-3925","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-3925"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156087764","display_name":"University of California, Merced","ror":"https://ror.org/00d9ah105","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Safeeq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-3925","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001293347","display_name":"John T. Abatzoglou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-9750","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-9750"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156087764","display_name":"University of California, Merced","ror":"https://ror.org/00d9ah105","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John T. Abatzoglou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Management of Complex Systems Department, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-9750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management of Complex Systems Department, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029143767","display_name":"Joshua H. Viers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7957-7942","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7957-7942"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156087764","display_name":"University of California, Merced","ror":"https://ror.org/00d9ah105","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua H. Viers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7957-7942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121323985"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"],"apc_list":{"value":3070,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3070},"apc_paid":{"value":3070,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3070},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"338","issue":null,"first_page":"110892","last_page":"110892"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11490","display_name":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11490","display_name":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.012400000356137753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vineyard-water-management","display_name":"vineyard water management","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-water-requirements","display_name":"crop water requirements","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-coefficient","display_name":"crop coefficient","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cnn-lstm","display_name":"CNN-LSTM","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wavelet-transform","display_name":"continuous wavelet transform","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/input-sequence-length","display_name":"input sequence length","score":0.6740000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176783924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828158","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","level":2,"score":0.8108000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780924976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22715","display_name":"Vineyard","level":2,"score":0.745199978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6335999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170061395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5468164","display_name":"Forecast skill","level":2,"score":0.4643000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777589951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6073845","display_name":"Irrigation scheduling","level":3,"score":0.4433000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4316999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.37439998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777106113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18349347","display_name":"Crop simulation model","level":3,"score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112077630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623678","display_name":"Irrigation management","level":3,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72551326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5187947","display_name":"Crop coefficient","level":3,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21001229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182868","display_name":"Weather forecasting","level":2,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140178040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18402512","display_name":"Quantitative precipitation forecast","level":3,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176205827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5435593","display_name":"Farm water","level":4,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153823671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049799","display_name":"Water resources","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149207113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26534","display_name":"Water use","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104641133","display_name":"Agricultural Water Management","issn_l":"0378-3774","issn":["0378-3774","1873-2283"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agricultural Water Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.6886299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6886299","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6886299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:77748e3c90fd4a48899e8b142fd1276b","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/77748e3c90fd4a48899e8b142fd1276b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Agricultural Water Management, Vol 338, Iss , Pp 110892- (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104641133","display_name":"Agricultural Water Management","issn_l":"0378-3774","issn":["0378-3774","1873-2283"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agricultural Water Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.685699999332428},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.4359000027179718}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/05qx3fv49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1860168626","https://openalex.org/W1994637830","https://openalex.org/W1996819337","https://openalex.org/W2010778044","https://openalex.org/W2018828067","https://openalex.org/W2043463465","https://openalex.org/W2045238290","https://openalex.org/W2047694274","https://openalex.org/W2081316120","https://openalex.org/W2124141023","https://openalex.org/W2166821066","https://openalex.org/W2298127018","https://openalex.org/W2530960585","https://openalex.org/W2903938323","https://openalex.org/W2946623939","https://openalex.org/W2981781552","https://openalex.org/W3004010467","https://openalex.org/W3173235060","https://openalex.org/W3183676821","https://openalex.org/W3210321312","https://openalex.org/W4293065537","https://openalex.org/W4294931210","https://openalex.org/W4309593088","https://openalex.org/W4318483437","https://openalex.org/W4322720667","https://openalex.org/W4387993906","https://openalex.org/W4388794522","https://openalex.org/W4392871130","https://openalex.org/W4392935999","https://openalex.org/W4401215819","https://openalex.org/W4401672534","https://openalex.org/W4402217332","https://openalex.org/W4404417183","https://openalex.org/W4404873199","https://openalex.org/W4405099054","https://openalex.org/W4407230277","https://openalex.org/W4409205244","https://openalex.org/W4415658751","https://openalex.org/W7117313482","https://openalex.org/W7118297600","https://openalex.org/W7135405543","https://openalex.org/W7170093825"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7117313482","https://openalex.org/W3081241543","https://openalex.org/W4365455904","https://openalex.org/W3054109655","https://openalex.org/W4387758505","https://openalex.org/W7119284479","https://openalex.org/W4407641804","https://openalex.org/W6925363296","https://openalex.org/W2372315536","https://openalex.org/W3210335280"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reliable":[0],"multi-week":[1,251],"forecasting":[2,60],"of":[3,41,64,112,131,154,162,217,253,266],"grass":[4],"reference":[5,220],"evapotranspiration":[6],"(":[7],"ET":[8,42,58,101,132,144,155,181,193,245,254,271],"o":[9,43,59,102,133,145,156,182,194,246,255,272],")":[10],"can":[11,108],"provide":[12],"advance":[13],"information":[14],"on":[15,214],"atmospheric":[16],"water":[17,21,204,229,258],"demand":[18],"for":[19,56,239],"agricultural":[20],"management,":[22],"yet":[23],"its":[24,163,177],"skill":[25,178],"is":[26,146,237],"often":[27],"judged":[28],"using":[29],"conventional":[30],"accuracy":[31],"metrics":[32],"that":[33,127,223,234,249],"may":[34],"be":[35],"inflated":[36],"by":[37],"the":[38,110,123,128,140,151,159,187,192,210,215,267],"strong":[39,240],"seasonality":[40],".":[44],"Here,":[45],"we":[46],"develop":[47],"a":[48,95],"convolutional":[49],"neural":[50],"network-long":[51],"short-term":[52],"memory":[53],"(CNN-LSTM)":[54],"framework":[55],"daily":[57],"at":[61,173],"lead":[62],"times":[63],"up":[65],"to":[66,93,139,186,201],"eight":[67],"weeks":[68],"in":[69,99,179,221,269],"Madera":[70],"County,":[71],"California,":[72],"and":[73,78,83,103,157,176,209,248,256,274],"evaluate":[74],"it":[75,167],"across":[76],"regional":[77,100],"vineyard":[79,203],"scales":[80],"against":[81],"climatology":[82,172],"persistence":[84,164],"forecasts.":[85],"We":[86],"use":[87,205,259],"continuous":[88],"wavelet":[89],"transform":[90],"(CWT)":[91],"analysis":[92],"identify":[94],"dominant":[96,129],"93-day":[97],"timescale":[98,107,130,141],"test":[104],"whether":[105],"this":[106],"guide":[109],"design":[111],"input":[113,118],"sequence":[114],"lengths.":[115],"A":[116],"60-day":[117],"outperformed":[119],"longer":[120],"inputs,":[121],"including":[122],"CWT-derived":[124],"timescale,":[125],"indicating":[126],"variability":[134],"does":[135],"not":[136,169],"necessarily":[137],"correspond":[138],"over":[142],"which":[143],"predictable.":[147],"The":[148],"CNN-LSTM":[149],"reproduced":[150],"seasonal":[152,160,241],"evolution":[153],"corrected":[158],"bias":[161],"baseline,":[165],"but":[166],"did":[168],"significantly":[170],"outperform":[171],"any":[174],"lead,":[175],"predicting":[180],"anomalies":[183],"was":[184],"confined":[185],"first":[188],"two":[189],"days.":[190],"Coupling":[191],"forecasts":[195,200,252],"with":[196],"actual":[197],"crop":[198,257,276],"coefficient":[199,277],"estimate":[202],"introduced":[206],"further":[207],"uncertainty,":[208],"evaluated":[211],"performance":[212],"depended":[213],"choice":[216],"eddy":[218],"covariance":[219],"ways":[222],"differed":[224],"between":[225],"vineyards":[226],"under":[227],"contrasting":[228],"stress.":[230],"Our":[231],"results":[232],"suggest":[233],"benchmark-relative":[235],"evaluation":[236],"essential":[238],"variables":[242],"such":[243],"as":[244],",":[247],"improving":[250],"will":[260],"require":[261],"additional":[262],"predictors,":[263],"better":[264],"characterization":[265],"uncertainty":[268],"gridded":[270],"products,":[273],"improved":[275],"estimation.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-06-06T00:00:00"}