{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163553034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71146/kjmr942","title":"PREVALENCE OF URINARY INCONTINENCE AMONG POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY","display_name":"PREVALENCE OF URINARY INCONTINENCE AMONG POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163553034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71146/kjmr942"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.71146/kjmr942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71146/kjmr942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.71146/kjmr942","pdf_url":"https://kjmr.com.pk/kjmr/article/download/942/1024","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407043321","display_name":"Kashf Journal of Multidisciplinary Research","issn_l":"3007-1992","issn":["3007-1992","3007-200X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kashf Journal of Multidisciplinary Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://kjmr.com.pk/kjmr/article/download/942/1024","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137908418","display_name":"Tooba Mubarak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093622","display_name":"Indus University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hqpmg61","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093622"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tooba Mubarak","raw_affiliation_strings":["DPT, Indus University, Department of Allied Health Sciences, Karachi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DPT, Indus University, Department of Allied Health Sciences, Karachi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093622"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048536688","display_name":"Khadija Usman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4914-0424","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4914-0424"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093622","display_name":"Indus University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hqpmg61","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093622"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr Khadija Usman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lecturer, Department of Allied Health Sciences, Indus University, Karachi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lecturer, Department of Allied Health Sciences, Indus University, Karachi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093622"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039974590","display_name":"Okasha Anjum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8314-9465","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8314-9465"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093622","display_name":"Indus University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hqpmg61","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093622"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr Okasha Anjum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Head of Department, Department of Allied Health Sciences, Indus University, Karachi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Head of Department, Department of Allied Health Sciences, Indus University, Karachi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093622"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093622"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"05","first_page":"47","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10418","display_name":"Pelvic floor disorders treatments","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10418","display_name":"Pelvic floor disorders treatments","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10279","display_name":"Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research","score":0.018200000748038292,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10694","display_name":"Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urinary-incontinence","display_name":"urinary incontinence","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postmenopausal-women","display_name":"postmenopausal women","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menopause","display_name":"menopause","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estrogen-deficiency","display_name":"estrogen deficiency","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urogenital-health","display_name":"urogenital health","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incontinence-severity","display_name":"incontinence severity","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marital-status","display_name":"marital status","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.746999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778531004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281490","display_name":"Urinary incontinence","level":2,"score":0.8115000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177708","display_name":"Menopause","level":2,"score":0.776199996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018603563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177708","display_name":"Postmenopausal women","level":2,"score":0.5425000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133507102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4712977","display_name":"Genitourinary system","level":2,"score":0.5386999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.5242999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77411442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181100","display_name":"Urinary system","level":2,"score":0.47440001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.454800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40924","display_name":"Urine","level":2,"score":0.39149999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Statistical significance","level":2,"score":0.36309999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68122502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764527","display_name":"Informed consent","level":3,"score":0.35589998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777164284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277954","display_name":"Estrogen","level":2,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781354955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11920938","display_name":"Marital status","level":3,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32809988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071004","display_name":"Chi-square test","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126894567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650","display_name":"Urology","level":1,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.71146/kjmr942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71146/kjmr942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.71146/kjmr942","pdf_url":"https://kjmr.com.pk/kjmr/article/download/942/1024","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407043321","display_name":"Kashf Journal of Multidisciplinary Research","issn_l":"3007-1992","issn":["3007-1992","3007-200X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kashf Journal of Multidisciplinary Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.kjmr.ac.pk:article/942","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://kjmr.ac.pk/kjmr/article/view/942","pdf_url":"https://kjmr.ac.pk/kjmr/article/download/942/1024","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407043321","display_name":"Kashf Journal of Multidisciplinary Research","issn_l":"3007-1992","issn":["3007-1992","3007-200X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3007-1992","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.71146/kjmr942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71146/kjmr942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.71146/kjmr942","pdf_url":"https://kjmr.com.pk/kjmr/article/download/942/1024","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407043321","display_name":"Kashf Journal of Multidisciplinary Research","issn_l":"3007-1992","issn":["3007-1992","3007-200X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kashf Journal of Multidisciplinary Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7163553034.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7163553034.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4413966548"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4320483846","https://openalex.org/W4368342641","https://openalex.org/W4394830170","https://openalex.org/W4413845875","https://openalex.org/W4415907592","https://openalex.org/W2587910362","https://openalex.org/W4403335614","https://openalex.org/W4394816757","https://openalex.org/W2129193027","https://openalex.org/W4390951568"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Menopause":[1],"marks":[2],"the":[3,25,30,37,53,91,127,144,155,172,219,230,246],"end":[4],"of":[5,39,47,55,137,146,157,166,209,221,232,234,248],"menstruation,":[6],"which":[7,35],"is":[8],"characterized":[9],"by":[10],"changes":[11],"in":[12,42,76],"hormonal":[13],"levels":[14,23],"that":[15],"significantly":[16,186,216],"affect":[17],"women's":[18],"urogenital":[19],"health.":[20],"When":[21],"estrogen":[22],"drop,":[24],"pelvic":[26],"muscles":[27],"and":[28,107,131,148,159,161,179,245],"all":[29,101],"surrounding":[31],"tissues":[32],"become":[33],"weaker,":[34],"increases":[36],"risk":[38],"urinary":[40,56,132,210,238],"incontinence":[41,57,180,239],"women.":[43,60],"Objective:":[44],"The":[45],"purpose":[46],"this":[48],"study":[49,64],"was":[50,65,98,115,123,214],"to":[51,73,104,125,184,196],"determine":[52],"prevalence":[54],"among":[58,67],"postmenopausal":[59,139,235],"Methodology:":[61],"A":[62,135],"cross-sectional":[63],"conducted":[66],"153":[68,138],"female":[69],"participants":[70,102],"aged":[71],"45":[72,147,160],"85":[74],"years":[75],"Karachi":[77],"using":[78,117],"a":[79,226],"non-probability":[80],"convenience":[81],"sampling":[82],"technique.":[83],"Data":[84],"were":[85,110,142,163,182],"collected":[86],"through":[87,152],"structured":[88],"questionnaires,":[89],"including":[90],"Incontinence":[92],"Severity":[93],"Index":[94],"(ISI).":[95],"Informed":[96],"consent":[97],"obtained":[99],"from":[100],"prior":[103],"data":[105],"collection,":[106],"ethical":[108],"considerations":[109],"strictly":[111],"maintained.":[112],"Statistical":[113],"analysis":[114],"performed":[116,124],"SPSS":[118],"version":[119],"26.The":[120],"Chisquare":[121],"test":[122],"assess":[126],"association":[128],"between":[129,143,154],"menopause":[130,153],"incontinence.":[133,177,201,211],"Result:":[134],"total":[136],"women,":[140],"83%":[141],"ages":[145,156],"55,":[149],"68.6%":[150],"went":[151],"40":[158],"94.8%":[162],"married.":[164],"32.7%":[165],"subjects":[167],"had":[168,175],"mild":[169,207],"incontinence,":[170,222],"while":[171],"majority":[173],"(58.8%)":[174],"no":[176],"Age":[178],"severity":[181,220],"shown":[183],"be":[185],"associated":[187,217],"(p":[188],"<":[189],"0.001),":[190],"with":[191,218,237],"older":[192],"women":[193,204,236],"more":[194,198],"likely":[195],"have":[197],"severe":[199],"urine":[200],"Conclusion:":[202],"Postmenopausal":[203],"frequently":[205],"experience":[206],"episodes":[208],"Marital":[212],"status":[213],"not":[215],"whereas":[223],"age":[224],"showed":[225],"significant":[227],"correlation.":[228],"Improving":[229],"quality":[231],"life":[233],"requires":[240],"early":[241],"detection,":[242],"patient":[243],"education,":[244],"implementation":[247],"preventive":[249],"measures.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-06-05T00:00:00"}