{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163551071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361502","title":"BitterBuster: A virtual world for understanding naturalistic patch foraging","display_name":"BitterBuster: A virtual world for understanding naturalistic patch foraging","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163551071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361502","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42961977","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13722190"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0361502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361502","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0361502&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0361502&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104605912","display_name":"John P. Kasarda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4690-1543","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4690-1543"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John P. Kasarda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4690-1543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034828282","display_name":"Jyotika Bahuguna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2858-5325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2858-5325"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68947357","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg","ror":"https://ror.org/00pg6eq24","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68947357"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyotika Bahuguna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68947357"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137897853","display_name":"Angela Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angela Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137900231","display_name":"Hua Tong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159859985","display_name":"Yuan Tan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137812340","display_name":"Ruizi Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruizi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137851483","display_name":"Michael Tarr","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Tarr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035483798","display_name":"Timothy Verstynen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4720-0336","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4720-0336"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Verstynen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035483798","https://openalex.org/A5137851483"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38020082,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"10","first_page":"e0361502","last_page":"e0361502"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.6807000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.6807000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.08420000225305557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.03959999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patch-foraging","display_name":"patch foraging","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-foraging-theory","display_name":"optimal foraging theory","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptual-learning","display_name":"perceptual learning","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reward-learning","display_name":"reward learning","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-learning","display_name":"spatial learning","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foraging-efficiency","display_name":"foraging efficiency","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-allocation","display_name":"time allocation","score":0.4180000126361847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165287380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916569","display_name":"Foraging","level":2,"score":0.9513999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6363000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4171999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3752000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95812059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277031","display_name":"Optimal foraging theory","level":3,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79416737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2305519","display_name":"Social learning","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150303390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1983852","display_name":"Virtual actor","level":3,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019565508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444835","display_name":"Virtual world","level":2,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180518391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355217","display_name":"Time allocation","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34585555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368723","display_name":"Learning curve","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117035363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3769299","display_name":"Human behavior","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2565000057220459}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005247","descriptor_name":"Feeding Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0361502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361502","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0361502&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/26pj9_v2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/26pj9_v2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/26pj9_v2","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13722190","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13722190/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13722190/pdf/pone.0361502.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42961977","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42961977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3545425618f6422a946a8f9bee4bbe8c","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3545425618f6422a946a8f9bee4bbe8c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 21, Iss 10 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:a78de7a9-6044-4d65-875d-fa56f108dafb","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/26pj9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0361502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361502","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0361502&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3045592441","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-18","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5761160490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA-9550-18-1-0251","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6696842657","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-18-1-0251","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8289759875","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7163551071.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7163551071.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1933154319","https://openalex.org/W1984132513","https://openalex.org/W2000214310","https://openalex.org/W2016785340","https://openalex.org/W2052298750","https://openalex.org/W2064818184","https://openalex.org/W2077018932","https://openalex.org/W2088182855","https://openalex.org/W2095982213","https://openalex.org/W2114938064","https://openalex.org/W2118112976","https://openalex.org/W2755214094","https://openalex.org/W2779759428","https://openalex.org/W2914909556","https://openalex.org/W2984353433","https://openalex.org/W3128442340","https://openalex.org/W3139119315","https://openalex.org/W4231255056","https://openalex.org/W4391746516","https://openalex.org/W4408559637"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7111669811","https://openalex.org/W7170185437","https://openalex.org/W2166510577","https://openalex.org/W7196937162","https://openalex.org/W2272667222","https://openalex.org/W7024723306","https://openalex.org/W2979641545","https://openalex.org/W2976535738","https://openalex.org/W2030041283","https://openalex.org/W2024664069"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,93],"past":[1],"decade":[2],"has":[3,113],"seen":[4],"a":[5,59,76,114,200],"resurgence":[6],"of":[7,13,35,48,105,118,132,148,171,178,217],"interest":[8],"in":[9,16,68,210],"the":[10,18,28,33,46,71,103,129,146,166,211],"naturalistic":[11,179],"behavior":[12],"patch":[14,66,180,201],"foraging":[15,24,67],"both":[17,165],"neural":[19],"and":[20,31,41,52,109,150,168,192,214],"cognitive":[21,37],"sciences.":[22],"Patch":[23],"is":[25,95,205],"observed":[26],"throughout":[27],"animal":[29],"kingdom":[30],"requires":[32],"integration":[34],"multiple":[36,176],"processes,":[38],"including":[39],"value":[40],"perceptual":[42,151],"learning,":[43],"spatial":[44],"estimation,":[45],"evaluation":[47],"instantaneous":[49],"return":[50],"rates,":[51],"anticipating":[53],"future":[54],"effort.":[55],"Here,":[56],"we":[57],"present":[58],"novel":[60],"virtual":[61,77],"environment,":[62],"BitterBuster,":[63],"for":[64,98,139,207],"studying":[65],"humans.":[69],"In":[70],"BitterBuster":[72,135,172,204],"game,":[73],"players":[74,158],"navigate":[75],"world":[78],"with":[79,84,182],"four":[80],"neighborhoods":[81],"(patches)":[82],"populated":[83],"houses":[85],"(harvest":[86],"points)":[87],"containing":[88,119],"inhabitants":[89],"known":[90],"as":[91],"\"Oomplets\".":[92],"goal":[94],"to":[96,185,198],"search":[97],"\"bitter\"":[99],"Oomplets,":[100],"characterized":[101],"by":[102,155],"union":[104],"specific":[106,125],"body":[107],"colors":[108],"textures.":[110],"Each":[111],"neighborhood":[112],"different":[115],"overall":[116],"probability":[117],"bitter":[120,133],"Oomplets":[121],"and,":[122],"within":[123],"each,":[124],"house":[126],"locations":[127],"predict":[128],"relative":[130],"rate":[131],"Oomplets.":[134],"can":[136,173],"be":[137],"used":[138],"solo":[140,167],"or":[141],"team":[142,169],"based":[143],"foraging,":[144,181],"where":[145],"tasks":[147],"exploring":[149],"learning":[152,184],"are":[153],"implemented":[154],"two":[156],"separate":[157],"working":[159],"together.":[160],"Our":[161],"results":[162],"show":[163],"how":[164],"version":[170],"accurately":[174],"measure":[175],"aspects":[177],"participants":[183],"identify":[186],"optimal":[187],"patches,":[188],"classify":[189],"harvestable":[190],"resources,":[191],"make":[193],"rational":[194],"decisions":[195],"about":[196],"when":[197],"leave":[199],"before":[202],"overharvesting.":[203],"well-suited":[206],"researchers":[208],"interested":[209],"contextual,":[212],"neural,":[213],"cooperative":[215],"dynamics":[216],"foraging.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-06-05T00:00:00"}