{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163402635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53941/jmem.2026.100023","title":"Parametric Analysis of Energy Consumption in the Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) Process","display_name":"Parametric Analysis of Energy Consumption in the Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) Process","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163402635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53941/jmem.2026.100023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.53941/jmem.2026.100023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53941/jmem.2026.100023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53941/jmem.2026.100023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407040521","display_name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing","issn_l":"2982-3544","issn":["2982-3544"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.53941/jmem.2026.100023","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069298424","display_name":"Rafael Resende Lucas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4490-1903","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4490-1903"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255652","display_name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento em Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica","ror":"https://ror.org/038p71r52","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405255652","https://openalex.org/I83863532"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83863532","display_name":"Universidade T\u00e9cnica do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/04988re48","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83863532"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}],"countries":["BR","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Resende Lucas","raw_affiliation_strings":["CIDEM, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal","School of Engineering and Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 12516-410, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4490-1903","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CIDEM, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255652","https://openalex.org/I83863532"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 12516-410, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083841695","display_name":"R. Mota","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3724-3597","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3724-3597"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rog\u00e9rio Pinto Mota","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 12516-410, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 12516-410, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039727104","display_name":"Edson Cocchieri Botelho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-4879","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-4879"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edson Cocchieri Botelho","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 12516-410, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 12516-410, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069837789","display_name":"Rita C. M. Sales-Contini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2160-0609","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2160-0609"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253594","display_name":"Centro Paula Souza","ror":"https://ror.org/00vvaxp92","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405253594"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255652","display_name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento em Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica","ror":"https://ror.org/038p71r52","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405255652","https://openalex.org/I83863532"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83863532","display_name":"Universidade T\u00e9cnica do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/04988re48","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83863532"]}],"countries":["BR","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rita de C\u00e1ssia Mendon\u00e7a Sales-Contini","raw_affiliation_strings":["CIDEM, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal","Technologycal College, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos, Professor Jessen Vidal Centro Paula Souza, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12247-014, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2160-0609","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CIDEM, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255652","https://openalex.org/I83863532"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technologycal College, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos, Professor Jessen Vidal Centro Paula Souza, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12247-014, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253594"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13470","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","score":0.8978999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13470","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","score":0.8978999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12340","display_name":"Anodic Oxide Films and Nanostructures","score":0.04230000078678131,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10642","display_name":"Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Applications","score":0.016599999740719795,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micro-arc-oxidation","display_name":"plasma electrolytic oxidation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"energy consumption","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"power consumption","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-parameter-optimization","display_name":"process parameter optimization","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-duration","display_name":"treatment duration","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"duty cycle","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrolyte-concentration","display_name":"electrolyte concentration","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxide-coatings","display_name":"oxide coatings","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/full-factorial-design","display_name":"full factorial design","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aluminum-alloys","display_name":"aluminum alloys","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/titanium-alloys","display_name":"titanium alloys","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnesium-alloys","display_name":"magnesium alloys","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicate-electrolyte","display_name":"silicate electrolyte","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphate-electrolyte","display_name":"phosphate electrolyte","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aluminate-electrolyte","display_name":"aluminate electrolyte","score":0.9580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.6341000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68801617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162908","display_name":"Electrolyte","level":3,"score":0.5896999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5685999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.5177000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4851999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.4731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4634999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.43810001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182","display_name":"Coating","level":2,"score":0.42170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169222746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116558","display_name":"Factorial experiment","level":2,"score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39410001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.36910000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70635819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358064","display_name":"Electrolytic process","level":5,"score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98576551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841798","display_name":"Electric potential energy","level":3,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171534860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655870","display_name":"Environmentally friendly","level":2,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62609721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293","display_name":"Specific energy","level":2,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183763347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120976","display_name":"Factorial","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24574437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135228","display_name":"Parametric model","level":3,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163127949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64403","display_name":"Electrolysis","level":4,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34559072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2334061","display_name":"Design of experiments","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88504338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340805","display_name":"Weldability","level":3,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777578362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7201774","display_name":"Plasma electrolytic oxidation","level":4,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.53941/jmem.2026.100023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53941/jmem.2026.100023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53941/jmem.2026.100023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407040521","display_name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing","issn_l":"2982-3544","issn":["2982-3544"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.53941/jmem.2026.100023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53941/jmem.2026.100023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53941/jmem.2026.100023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407040521","display_name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing","issn_l":"2982-3544","issn":["2982-3544"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9853000044822693,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035324127","https://openalex.org/W1991015461","https://openalex.org/W4415740488","https://openalex.org/W4306734999","https://openalex.org/W4400657400","https://openalex.org/W2743649101","https://openalex.org/W4224295744","https://openalex.org/W7131631752","https://openalex.org/W4411074768","https://openalex.org/W2392865475"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Plasma":[0],"Electrolytic":[1],"Oxidation":[2],"(PEO)":[3],"is":[4,19],"an":[5,20],"advanced":[6],"electrochemical":[7],"treatment":[8,161],"for":[9,59,139,216,226],"lightweight":[10],"alloys":[11],"such":[12],"as":[13],"Al,":[14],"Ti,":[15],"and":[16,28,38,51,86,97,135,142,163,190,204,222,229],"Mg.":[17],"It":[18],"environmentally":[21],"friendly":[22],"process":[23,124],"that":[24,100,115],"utilizes":[25],"silicate,":[26],"aluminate,":[27],"phosphate-based":[29],"electrolytes":[30],"to":[31,42,82,126,152,159],"produce":[32],"oxide/ceramic":[33],"coatings":[34],"with":[35,155,182],"superior":[36],"physical":[37],"chemical":[39],"properties":[40],"compared":[41],"conventional":[43],"techniques.":[44],"Despite":[45],"extensive":[46],"studies":[47],"on":[48],"coating":[49],"morphology":[50],"performance,":[52],"systematic":[53],"investigations":[54],"into":[55,132],"PEO":[56,133,221],"parameter":[57,218],"optimization":[58],"reducing":[60],"energy":[61,127],"consumption,":[62],"a":[63,75,183,213],"major":[64],"limitation":[65],"of":[66,90,107,123,168,178],"the":[67,84,112,120,137,172,179,194],"process,":[68],"remain":[69],"scarce.":[70],"To":[71],"address":[72],"this":[73,108],"gap,":[74],"full":[76],"factorial":[77],"design":[78],"(23)":[79],"was":[80],"employed":[81],"evaluate":[83],"influence":[85],"determine":[87],"optimized":[88],"values":[89,157],"three":[91],"parameters":[92],"(treatment":[93],"time,":[94],"duty":[95,165,191],"cycle,":[96],"electrolyte":[98],"concentration)":[99],"minimize":[101],"average":[102],"power":[103,146],"consumption.":[104],"The":[105],"novelty":[106],"work":[109],"lies":[110],"in":[111,220],"quantitative":[113],"demonstration":[114],"statistical":[116,174],"modeling":[117],"can":[118],"disentangle":[119],"relative":[121],"contributions":[122],"variables":[125],"demand,":[128],"offering":[129],"new":[130],"insights":[131],"mechanisms":[134],"paving":[136],"way":[138],"more":[140],"cost-efficient":[141],"sustainable":[143],"applications.":[144,231],"Average":[145],"consumption":[147],"ranged":[148],"from":[149],"3.68":[150],"W":[151],"13.67":[153],"W,":[154],"lower":[156],"linked":[158],"shorter":[160],"times":[162],"reduced":[164],"cycles.":[166],"Analysis":[167],"variance":[169],"(ANOVA)":[170],"confirmed":[171],"model\u2019s":[173],"robustness,":[175],"explaining":[176],"89.86%":[177],"response":[180],"variability":[181],"low":[184],"noise":[185],"level":[186],"(0.93%).":[187],"Treatment":[188],"time":[189],"cycle":[192],"were":[193],"only":[195],"statistically":[196],"significant":[197],"factors":[198],"(p":[199],"<":[200],"0.05),":[201],"contributing":[202],"8.85%":[203],"66.98%,":[205],"respectively.":[206],"Beyond":[207],"technological":[208],"relevance,":[209],"these":[210],"findings":[211],"provide":[212],"scientific":[214],"framework":[215],"understanding":[217],"interactions":[219],"open":[223],"promising":[224],"avenues":[225],"future":[227],"industrial":[228],"research":[230]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-15T10:00:46.086208","created_date":"2026-06-04T00:00:00"}