{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163349752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135827","title":"Soil moisture thresholds for runoff generation: depth sensitivity and mechanistic controls","display_name":"Soil moisture thresholds for runoff generation: depth sensitivity and mechanistic controls","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163349752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135827"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55737203","display_name":"Journal of Hydrology","issn_l":"0022-1694","issn":["0022-1694","1879-2707"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Hydrology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135827","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137714838","display_name":"Zhen Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9406-7369","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9406-7369"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hydraulic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","Key Laboratory of Hydrosphere Sciences of the Ministry of Water Resources, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9406-7369","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hydraulic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Hydrosphere Sciences of the Ministry of Water Resources, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068525466","display_name":"Fuqiang Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9414-7019","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9414-7019"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fuqiang Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hydraulic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","Key Laboratory of Hydrosphere Sciences of the Ministry of Water Resources, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9414-7019","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hydraulic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Hydrosphere Sciences of the Ministry of Water Resources, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068525466"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":4030,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4030},"apc_paid":{"value":4030,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4030},"fwci":7.5145,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97707393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"677","issue":null,"first_page":"135827","last_page":"135827"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.07530000060796738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.008200000040233135,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-moisture-threshold","display_name":"soil moisture threshold","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/runoff-generation","display_name":"runoff generation","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antecedent-soil-moisture","display_name":"antecedent soil moisture","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preferential-flow","display_name":"preferential flow","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infiltration-excess-runoff","display_name":"infiltration-excess runoff","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catchment-hydrology","display_name":"catchment hydrology","score":0.5730000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7267000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.7186999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5921000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.5515000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.5167999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.5109000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.4894999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.3885999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983671832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80026","display_name":"Soil loss","level":3,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124203675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320048","display_name":"Runoff curve number","level":3,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153400128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150731","display_name":"Infiltration (HVAC)","level":2,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126197015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586683","display_name":"Hydrological modelling","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55737203","display_name":"Journal of Hydrology","issn_l":"0022-1694","issn":["0022-1694","1879-2707"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Hydrology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55737203","display_name":"Journal of Hydrology","issn_l":"0022-1694","issn":["0022-1694","1879-2707"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Hydrology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G231358595","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFC3002902","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5075486969","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2442201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8089537995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52409031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332478","display_name":"U.S. Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmjc935"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513772660","https://openalex.org/W1587773806","https://openalex.org/W1640000606","https://openalex.org/W1650412805","https://openalex.org/W1667523122","https://openalex.org/W1993957846","https://openalex.org/W2030183079","https://openalex.org/W2046211138","https://openalex.org/W2058185303","https://openalex.org/W2078317835","https://openalex.org/W2094804800","https://openalex.org/W2114255094","https://openalex.org/W2132788415","https://openalex.org/W2136690550","https://openalex.org/W2147613797","https://openalex.org/W2147641734","https://openalex.org/W2158572362","https://openalex.org/W2172189641","https://openalex.org/W2605431538","https://openalex.org/W2734701529","https://openalex.org/W2966100894","https://openalex.org/W2990951398","https://openalex.org/W3017298719","https://openalex.org/W3085581334","https://openalex.org/W3112937095","https://openalex.org/W3209823793","https://openalex.org/W4210528733","https://openalex.org/W4281479600","https://openalex.org/W4283760137","https://openalex.org/W4366418494","https://openalex.org/W4385703292","https://openalex.org/W4410507494","https://openalex.org/W4410960151"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1587773806","https://openalex.org/W2136690550","https://openalex.org/W7203777271","https://openalex.org/W4366418494","https://openalex.org/W4385703292","https://openalex.org/W7204705217","https://openalex.org/W1575425731","https://openalex.org/W7203830294","https://openalex.org/W7038070421","https://openalex.org/W4400097454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"compound":[1],"wetness":[2],"index":[3],"combining":[4],"antecedent":[5],"soil":[6,34,125,198],"moisture":[7,35,126,199],"and":[8,40,51,63,73,80,176,194,201],"event":[9],"rainfall":[10],"(S":[11],"0":[12,15,87],"=":[13],"ASI":[14],"+":[16],"P)":[17],"is":[18,173],"commonly":[19],"used":[20],"to":[21,179],"analyze":[22],"threshold-based":[23,191],"runoff":[24,49,64,78,181,192],"responses.":[25],"However,":[26],"it":[27],"remains":[28],"unclear":[29],"how":[30],"the":[31,46,82,169],"depth":[32,54,172,187],"of":[33,85,93],"integration":[36,53,104,127,145,160,171],"affects":[37],"threshold":[38],"detection":[39],"predictive":[41],"performance.":[42],"Here,":[43],"we":[44,76],"examined":[45],"relationship":[47],"between":[48],"thresholds":[50,79],"maximum":[52],"(MID)":[55],"across":[56,70,103],"four":[57],"experimental":[58],"catchments":[59],"spanning":[60],"diverse":[61],"climates":[62],"generation":[65,182],"mechanisms.":[66],"Using":[67],"segmented":[68],"regression":[69],"multiple":[71],"MIDs":[72],"monitoring":[74,200],"sites,":[75],"identified":[77],"evaluated":[81],"explanatory":[83,107],"power":[84,108],"S":[86],"for":[88,185],"stormflow":[89,134],"using":[90],"post-threshold":[91],"coefficients":[92],"determination":[94],"(R":[95],"h":[96,117],"2":[97,118],").":[98],"Thresholds":[99],"were":[100],"consistently":[101],"detected":[102],"depths,":[105],"but":[106],"varies":[109],"strongly":[110],"among":[111],"catchments.":[112],"In":[113,136],"storage-controlled":[114],"systems,":[115,143],"R":[116],"increased":[119],"with":[120],"depth,":[121],"indicating":[122],"that":[123,168],"deeper":[124,159],"better":[128,148],"captured":[129],"subsurface":[130],"storage":[131],"controls":[132],"on":[133],"initiation.":[135],"contrast,":[137],"in":[138],"connectivity-limited":[139],"or":[140,155],"shallow":[141,144],"flow-dominated":[142],"depths":[146],"performed":[147],"because":[149],"near-surface":[150],"wetting":[151],"controlled":[152],"preferential":[153],"flow":[154],"infiltration-excess":[156],"runoff,":[157],"whereas":[158],"included":[161],"hydrologically":[162],"inactive":[163],"storage.":[164],"These":[165],"results":[166],"show":[167],"optimal":[170],"catchment":[174],"dependent":[175],"closely":[177],"linked":[178],"dominant":[180],"processes.":[183],"Accounting":[184],"this":[186],"dependence":[188],"can":[189],"improve":[190],"analysis":[193],"support":[195],"more":[196],"process-consistent":[197],"hydrological":[202],"modeling":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-20T09:52:01.089006","created_date":"2026-06-04T00:00:00"}