{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163325812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae9feb","title":"Diocotron Modes in Pulsar Magnetospheres: Charge Diffusion and Implications for Radio Emission Variability","display_name":"Diocotron Modes in Pulsar Magnetospheres: Charge Diffusion and Implications for Radio Emission Variability","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163325812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae9feb"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae9feb","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae9feb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae9feb","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ae9feb/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ae9feb/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051118773","display_name":"Matthew Goodbred","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-5552","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-5552"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Goodbred","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-5552","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029615438","display_name":"Anatoly Spitkovsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-9054","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-9054"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anatoly Spitkovsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-9054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"],"apc_list":{"value":4499,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4499},"apc_paid":{"value":4499,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4499},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32206327,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1010","issue":"1","first_page":"68","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.8970000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.8970000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.04270000010728836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.011300000362098217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diocotron-instability","display_name":"diocotron instability","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulsar-magnetosphere","display_name":"pulsar magnetosphere","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-diffusion","display_name":"charge diffusion","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-variability","display_name":"radio variability","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equatorial-disk","display_name":"equatorial disk","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-cylinder","display_name":"light cylinder","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nulling","display_name":"nulling","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drifting-subpulses","display_name":"drifting subpulses","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-in-cell-simulation","display_name":"particle-in-cell simulation","score":0.6930000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9121000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207821765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q405372","display_name":"Instability","level":2,"score":0.8070999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.6973999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110363677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4360","display_name":"Pulsar","level":2,"score":0.6395999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38976095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752641","display_name":"Asymmetry","level":2,"score":0.5834000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.5218999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173523689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215589","display_name":"Dipole","level":2,"score":0.520799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60799052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221","display_name":"Electric field","level":2,"score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.44369998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.42730000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3079626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234881","display_name":"Quantum electrodynamics","level":1,"score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.388700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164602753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567544","display_name":"Anomalous diffusion","level":3,"score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73792","display_name":"Charge (physics)","level":2,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778439541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7106412","display_name":"Oscillation (cell signaling)","level":2,"score":0.37130001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130443932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6915","display_name":"Magnetosphere","level":3,"score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.351500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993273692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1286914","display_name":"Polar cap","level":3,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985882698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4379538","display_name":"Plasma instability","level":3,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29705727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294562","display_name":"Polar","level":2,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169852918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390314","display_name":"Magnetic dipole","level":3,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50479213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617815","display_name":"Stochastic drift","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778190657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16956934","display_name":"Plasma diffusion","level":3,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781345722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5308388","display_name":"Drop (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae9feb","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae9feb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae9feb","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ae9feb/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2606.03984","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.03984","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.03984","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ed4ecf9397114b9b8d1cf9527bcfd028","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ed4ecf9397114b9b8d1cf9527bcfd028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal, Vol 1010, Iss 1, p 68 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.03984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.03984","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.03984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae9feb","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae9feb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae9feb","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ae9feb/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G264094776","display_name":"Collaborative Research: WoU-MMA: Multimessenger Plasma Physics Center (MPPC)","funder_award_id":"2206607","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309292","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7163325812.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7163325812.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509761490","https://openalex.org/W1519557512","https://openalex.org/W1598201000","https://openalex.org/W1979780299","https://openalex.org/W1981930887","https://openalex.org/W2003892127","https://openalex.org/W2020012526","https://openalex.org/W2022311515","https://openalex.org/W2025954539","https://openalex.org/W2027116864","https://openalex.org/W2028643165","https://openalex.org/W2034010704","https://openalex.org/W2034080046","https://openalex.org/W2039031876","https://openalex.org/W2039429418","https://openalex.org/W2049127157","https://openalex.org/W2052665391","https://openalex.org/W2058691401","https://openalex.org/W2067111869","https://openalex.org/W2071989589","https://openalex.org/W2079465944","https://openalex.org/W2086326351","https://openalex.org/W2088044529","https://openalex.org/W2107740561","https://openalex.org/W2142481143","https://openalex.org/W2147830576","https://openalex.org/W2159950463","https://openalex.org/W2160163816","https://openalex.org/W2162488624","https://openalex.org/W2205996720","https://openalex.org/W2397558478","https://openalex.org/W2467878419","https://openalex.org/W2743351193","https://openalex.org/W2951459567","https://openalex.org/W2995530753","https://openalex.org/W2997401073","https://openalex.org/W3000628682","https://openalex.org/W3003944571","https://openalex.org/W3176605845","https://openalex.org/W4230786011","https://openalex.org/W4293790315","https://openalex.org/W4318698452","https://openalex.org/W4321605143","https://openalex.org/W4367844029","https://openalex.org/W4388776344","https://openalex.org/W4400944447","https://openalex.org/W4414950135","https://openalex.org/W6968964788"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069127416","https://openalex.org/W2107740561","https://openalex.org/W2039429418","https://openalex.org/W1572040120","https://openalex.org/W7100477871","https://openalex.org/W2951459567","https://openalex.org/W3098534443","https://openalex.org/W3013622262","https://openalex.org/W2997726996","https://openalex.org/W3106368183"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,40],"diocotron":[2,33],"instability":[3,8,34,41],"is":[4],"a":[5,24,51,60],"nonaxisymmetric":[6],"plasma":[7],"that":[9,81],"should":[10],"occur":[11],"generically":[12],"in":[13,35,65,71],"the":[14,32,46,66,72,87,91,95,98,110,115],"differentially":[15],"rotating":[16],"equatorial":[17,67],"plane":[18],"of":[19,26,31,45],"pulsar":[20,122],"magnetospheres.":[21],"We":[22],"present":[23],"series":[25],"3D":[27],"particle-in-cell":[28],"(PIC)":[29],"simulations":[30],"aligned":[36],"and":[37,49,75,114,130],"oblique":[38],"pulsars.":[39],"grows":[42],"on":[43],"timescales":[44],"rotation":[47],"period":[48],"develops":[50],"strong,":[52],"stable":[53],"m":[54,99],"=":[55,100],"1":[56,101],"mode,":[57],"corresponding":[58],"to":[59,121],"rotating,":[61],"dipolar":[62],"charge":[63],"asymmetry":[64],"disk.":[68],"Stochastic":[69],"fluctuations":[70],"diocotron-mode":[73],"amplitude":[74,128],"pattern":[76],"speed":[77],"drive":[78],"cross-field":[79],"diffusion":[80],"can":[82,108],"rapidly":[83],"transport":[84],"charges":[85],"through":[86],"closed":[88],"zone":[89],"toward":[90],"light":[92],"cylinder.":[93],"In":[94],"nonlinear":[96],"stage,":[97],"mode":[102],"produces":[103],"electric":[104],"field":[105],"perturbations":[106],"which":[107],"modulate":[109],"polar-cap":[111],"potential":[112],"drop":[113],"emission-beam":[116],"angle,":[117],"with":[118],"possible":[119],"connections":[120],"variability":[123],"such":[124],"as":[125],"nulling,":[126],"periodic":[127],"modulation,":[129],"drifting":[131],"subpulses.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-06-04T00:00:00"}
