{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162807906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/fqenk_v1","title":"Gender Voice Gap in Teaching Professionals - A Comparative Analysis of Vocal Nodules","display_name":"Gender Voice Gap in Teaching Professionals - A Comparative Analysis of Vocal Nodules","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162807906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/fqenk_v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31235/osf.io/fqenk_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/fqenk_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/fqenk_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401238","display_name":"SocArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/fqenk_v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123817915","display_name":"Aninda Paul Antor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8882-7378","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8882-7378"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aninda Paul Antor","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8882-7378","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021858636","display_name":"Hritu Raj Deb","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hritu Raj Deb","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137089883","display_name":"Anika Tasnim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anika Tasnim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136324554","display_name":"Muhtasim Tousif","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhtasim Tousif","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123793077","display_name":"Sydil Muttakin Hossain","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sydil Muttakin Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137128531","display_name":"Rajon Sarkar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajon Sarkar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3616","display_name":"Speech and Hearing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3616","display_name":"Speech and Hearing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12418","display_name":"Respiratory and Cough-Related Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12869","display_name":"Occupational Health and Burnout","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocal-nodules","display_name":"vocal fold nodules","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-disorders","display_name":"voice disorders","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teachers","display_name":"teachers","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocal-load","display_name":"vocal load","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-misuse","display_name":"voice misuse","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-symptoms","display_name":"voice symptoms","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life","display_name":"quality of life","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-voice-use","display_name":"occupational voice use","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classroom-acoustics","display_name":"classroom acoustics","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symptom-burden","display_name":"symptom burden","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hoarseness","display_name":"hoarseness","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocal-fatigue","display_name":"vocal fatigue","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-support","display_name":"environmental support","score":0.40400001406669617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.7853999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.7452999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.6578999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908717642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593337","display_name":"Voice Disorder","level":2,"score":0.5702000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776989088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16364","display_name":"Throat","level":2,"score":0.4611000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593013","display_name":"Voice therapy","level":2,"score":0.36980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173988693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q678132","display_name":"Phonation","level":2,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779985889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058691","display_name":"Communication disorder","level":4,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30036603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125150","display_name":"Severity of illness","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146304588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961652","display_name":"Case-control study","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777003509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026322","display_name":"Connected speech","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909265923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106776480","display_name":"Voice Training","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182964821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7939498","display_name":"Voice analysis","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31235/osf.io/fqenk_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/fqenk_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/fqenk_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401238","display_name":"SocArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31235/osf.io/fqenk_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/fqenk_v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/fqenk_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401238","display_name":"SocArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729},{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4156000018119812},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963781711","https://openalex.org/W4416427360","https://openalex.org/W2023733739","https://openalex.org/W2765902646","https://openalex.org/W2558802056","https://openalex.org/W2103195487","https://openalex.org/W122721317","https://openalex.org/W2981243821","https://openalex.org/W3038424029","https://openalex.org/W2073685968"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Teachers":[1],"are":[2],"a":[3],"high-risk":[4],"occupational":[5],"group":[6],"for":[7],"voice":[8,35,49,59,116,118,145,192,277],"disorders":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,83,264],"sustained":[12],"vocal":[13],"demand":[14],"and":[15,26,33,61,143,162,212,237,244,267,281],"suboptimal":[16],"classroom":[17],"acoustics.":[18],"This":[19],"study":[20],"quantified":[21],"symptom":[22,129],"burden,":[23,258],"sex":[24,195],"differences,":[25],"key":[27,111],"correlates":[28],"of":[29,43,75,79,110,241],"clinically":[30],"diagnosed":[31,138,178],"nodules":[32,139],"suspected":[34,58,144,191,268],"disorder":[36,146],"among":[37],"teachers.":[38],"Methods:":[39],"A":[40],"cross-sectional":[41],"survey":[42],"teachers":[44,254],"(N=300;":[45],"52%":[46],"male)":[47],"measured":[48],"symptoms":[50,112],"(Likert":[51],"items),":[52],"two":[53],"binary":[54],"outcomes":[55],"(doctor-diagnosed":[56],"nodules;":[57,179],"disorder),":[60],"five":[62],"indices":[63,80],"(Symptom":[64],"Index,":[65],"Vocal":[66,164,203,234,260],"Load,":[67],"Environmental":[68,247],"Support,":[69],"Misuse":[70,213],"Risk,":[71],"Impact":[72,238],"on":[73,239,275],"Quality":[74,240],"LifeQoL).":[76],"Internal":[77],"consistency":[78],"was":[81,100,113],"acceptable":[82],"excellent":[84],"(Cronbach\u2019s":[85],"\u03b1=0.72-0.93).":[86],"Multivariable":[87],"logistic":[88],"regression":[89],"with":[90,96,177,233,246,259],"robust":[91],"side":[92],"effects":[93],"assessed":[94],"associations":[95],"outcomes;":[97],"predictive":[98],"discrimination":[99,184],"evaluated":[101],"using":[102],"area":[103],"under":[104],"the":[105,180,187],"curve(AUC).":[106],"Results:":[107],"Overall":[108],"prevalence":[109,130],"high":[114],"(loud/strained":[115],"74.7%,":[117],"fatigue":[119],"68.0%,":[120],"throat":[121],"pain":[122],"58.7%,":[123],"hoarseness":[124],"56.7%).":[125],"Females":[126],"reported":[127],"higher":[128,137,163],"across":[131],"multiple":[132],"indicators,":[133],"yet":[134],"males":[135],"had":[136],"(45.8%":[140],"vs":[141,148],"26.9%)":[142],"(56.9%":[147],"39.7%).":[149],"In":[150],"adjusted":[151],"models,":[152],"being":[153],"male":[154,194],"(adjusted":[155,166,196,205,215],"Odds":[156,167,197,206,216],"Ratio":[157,168,198,207,217],"aOR=2.59;":[158],"95%":[159,172,200,209,219],"CI":[160,173,201,210,220],"1.23\u20135.45)":[161],"Load":[165,204,235,261],"aOR=3.79":[169],"per":[170],"unit;":[171],"1.86\u20137.73)":[174],"were":[175,222],"associated":[176],"model":[181],"showed":[182],"good":[183],"(Area":[185],"Under":[186],"Curve":[188],"AUC=0.85).":[189],"For":[190],"disorder,":[193],"aOR=3.40;":[199],"1.46\u20137.94),":[202],"aOR=3.48;":[208],"1.53\u20137.95),":[211],"Risk":[214],"aOR=2.48;":[218],"1.04\u20135.95)":[221],"significant":[223],"predictors.":[224],"Index":[225,231],"correlations":[226],"supported":[227],"convergent":[228],"validity:":[229],"Symptom":[230],"correlated":[232],"(r=0.55)":[236],"LifeQoL":[242],"(r=0.68),":[243],"inversely":[245],"Support":[248],"(r=-0.33)":[249],"(all":[250],"p<0.001).":[251],"Conclusion:":[252],"Female":[253],"experienced":[255],"substantial":[256],"voice-health":[257],"consistently":[262],"linked":[263],"both":[265],"clinical":[266],"outcomes.":[269],"Findings":[270],"support":[271],"multi-level":[272],"prevention":[273],"focusing":[274],"workload-sensitive":[276],"use,":[278],"early":[279],"screening,":[280],"classroom-level":[282],"acoustic":[283],"supports.":[284]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-05-30T00:00:00"}
