{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162575338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci6020046","title":"Repeated Blunt-Force Trauma in an Elderly Male: An Atypical Intimate Partner Homicide Case Involving a Female Partner","display_name":"Repeated Blunt-Force Trauma in an Elderly Male: An Atypical Intimate Partner Homicide Case Involving a Female Partner","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162575338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci6020046"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/forensicsci6020046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci6020046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci6020046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231799","display_name":"Forensic Sciences","issn_l":"2673-6756","issn":["2673-6756"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forensic Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci6020046","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120042807","display_name":"Gebremariam Tewelemedhin Gebremariam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4291-6777","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4291-6777"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258626","display_name":"Rwanda Forensic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0108t0k50","country_code":"RW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258626"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gebremariam Tewelemedhin Gebremariam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forensic Medicine Division, Rwanda Forensic Institute (RFI), KN 8 Ave, Gasabo\u2013Kacyiru, Kigali P.O. Box 979, Rwanda"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4291-6777","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forensic Medicine Division, Rwanda Forensic Institute (RFI), KN 8 Ave, Gasabo\u2013Kacyiru, Kigali P.O. Box 979, Rwanda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258626"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028959754","display_name":"Charles Karangwa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258626","display_name":"Rwanda Forensic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0108t0k50","country_code":"RW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258626"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Karangwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of the Director General, Rwanda Forensic Institute (RFI), KN 8 Ave, Gasabo\u2013Kacyiru, Kigali P.O. Box 979, Rwanda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of the Director General, Rwanda Forensic Institute (RFI), KN 8 Ave, Gasabo\u2013Kacyiru, Kigali P.O. Box 979, Rwanda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258626"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068225032","display_name":"Innocent Nkurunziza","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258626","display_name":"Rwanda Forensic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0108t0k50","country_code":"RW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258626"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Innocent Nkurunziza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forensic Medicine Division, Rwanda Forensic Institute (RFI), KN 8 Ave, Gasabo\u2013Kacyiru, Kigali P.O. Box 979, Rwanda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forensic Medicine Division, Rwanda Forensic Institute (RFI), KN 8 Ave, Gasabo\u2013Kacyiru, Kigali P.O. Box 979, Rwanda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258626"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120042809","display_name":"David Ishimwe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258626","display_name":"Rwanda Forensic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0108t0k50","country_code":"RW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258626"]}],"countries":["RW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Ishimwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forensic Medicine Division, Rwanda Forensic Institute (RFI), KN 8 Ave, Gasabo\u2013Kacyiru, Kigali P.O. Box 979, Rwanda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forensic Medicine Division, Rwanda Forensic Institute (RFI), KN 8 Ave, Gasabo\u2013Kacyiru, Kigali P.O. Box 979, Rwanda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258626"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258626"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"46","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10380","display_name":"Intimate Partner and Family Violence","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10380","display_name":"Intimate Partner and Family Violence","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13001","display_name":"Restraint-Related Deaths","score":0.013799999840557575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12296","display_name":"Autopsy Techniques and Outcomes","score":0.006200000178068876,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intimate-partner-homicide","display_name":"intimate partner homicide","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intimate-partner-violence","display_name":"intimate partner violence","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/male-victims","display_name":"male victims","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elderly-victims","display_name":"elderly victims","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-offenders","display_name":"women offenders","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemorrhagic-shock","display_name":"hemorrhagic shock","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intramuscular-hemorrhage","display_name":"intramuscular hemorrhage","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism-of-injury","display_name":"injury mechanisms","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicolegal-investigation","display_name":"medico-legal investigation","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-intoxication","display_name":"alcohol intoxication","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma","display_name":"asthma","score":0.3840000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C525541732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149086","display_name":"Homicide","level":4,"score":0.795799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779504383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41482","display_name":"Autopsy","level":2,"score":0.5376999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126965237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816335","display_name":"Accidental","level":2,"score":0.5347999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019426347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736922","display_name":"Intimate partner","level":5,"score":0.5141000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29374701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931388","display_name":"Cause of death","level":3,"score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105698618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886371","display_name":"Blunt","level":2,"score":0.46369999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.4465999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542059537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156537","display_name":"Domestic violence","level":4,"score":0.44510000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910722728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205972","display_name":"Alcoholic intoxication","level":4,"score":0.35989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781300812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178061","display_name":"Shock (circulatory)","level":2,"score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776610969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205972","display_name":"Alcohol intoxication","level":4,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777521253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770709","display_name":"Blunt trauma","level":2,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778983918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188830","display_name":"Wife","level":2,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779071755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21685486","display_name":"Forensic pathology","level":3,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993366118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320276","display_name":"Hemorrhagic shock","level":3,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333495","display_name":"Falling (accident)","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992926266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609370","display_name":"Adult male","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/forensicsci6020046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci6020046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci6020046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231799","display_name":"Forensic Sciences","issn_l":"2673-6756","issn":["2673-6756"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forensic Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0d421521a4d140399a257a634f72c396","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0d421521a4d140399a257a634f72c396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Forensic Sciences, Vol 6, Iss 2, p 46 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/forensicsci6020046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci6020046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci6020046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231799","display_name":"Forensic Sciences","issn_l":"2673-6756","issn":["2673-6756"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forensic Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6000000238418579}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/case-report","display_name":"Case Report"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2462975540","https://openalex.org/W2776015916","https://openalex.org/W2901716164","https://openalex.org/W2922141823","https://openalex.org/W2987878098","https://openalex.org/W2996746678","https://openalex.org/W2999991803","https://openalex.org/W3009752783","https://openalex.org/W3018154539","https://openalex.org/W3019054910","https://openalex.org/W3047410124","https://openalex.org/W3081216313","https://openalex.org/W3090988589","https://openalex.org/W3119891847","https://openalex.org/W3125262272","https://openalex.org/W3127223379","https://openalex.org/W3133378500","https://openalex.org/W3160613268","https://openalex.org/W3163479460","https://openalex.org/W3164469306","https://openalex.org/W3197380547","https://openalex.org/W3203034976","https://openalex.org/W4200154992","https://openalex.org/W4200310050","https://openalex.org/W4200472545","https://openalex.org/W4212796598","https://openalex.org/W4224313386","https://openalex.org/W4285687092","https://openalex.org/W4292013753","https://openalex.org/W4296242383","https://openalex.org/W4296292998","https://openalex.org/W4307021673","https://openalex.org/W4308219927","https://openalex.org/W4309717422","https://openalex.org/W4324387149","https://openalex.org/W4378416736","https://openalex.org/W4386084699","https://openalex.org/W4387217121","https://openalex.org/W4387296525","https://openalex.org/W4390749934","https://openalex.org/W4391684168","https://openalex.org/W4395111362","https://openalex.org/W4398776955","https://openalex.org/W4401852145","https://openalex.org/W4405793304","https://openalex.org/W4408782504","https://openalex.org/W4409510236","https://openalex.org/W4409965336","https://openalex.org/W4410012127","https://openalex.org/W4410407801","https://openalex.org/W4410998305","https://openalex.org/W4412922365","https://openalex.org/W4413094603","https://openalex.org/W4413305427","https://openalex.org/W4413894214","https://openalex.org/W4415103481","https://openalex.org/W4415965361","https://openalex.org/W4416384508","https://openalex.org/W4417333194","https://openalex.org/W4417356315"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990138840","https://openalex.org/W4382788329","https://openalex.org/W2804238004","https://openalex.org/W1484870944","https://openalex.org/W4392907374","https://openalex.org/W2395272269","https://openalex.org/W2617869524","https://openalex.org/W7047449935","https://openalex.org/W2925782912","https://openalex.org/W1860260850"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"and":[1,73,106,113,129,147,169,201,213],"Forensic":[2],"Significance:":[3],"Intimate":[4],"partner":[5,19],"violence":[6,30],"(IPV)":[7],"is":[8],"a":[9,102,118,183],"major":[10],"public":[11],"health":[12],"concern":[13],"that":[14,95,182],"can":[15,188],"result":[16],"in":[17,87,117],"intimate":[18],"homicide":[20],"(IPH).":[21],"While":[22],"most":[23],"reported":[24,94],"cases":[25],"involve":[26],"female":[27,55],"victims,":[28],"fatal":[29,191],"against":[31],"men,":[32],"particularly":[33],"older":[34],"adults,":[35],"remains":[36],"under-recognized.":[37],"We":[38],"report":[39],"an":[40,46],"atypical":[41],"case":[42,58,180],"of":[43,62,71,77,104,155,172,204,209,215],"IPH":[44],"involving":[45,135],"elderly":[47],"male":[48],"victim":[49],"who":[50],"was":[51,84,110,157,174],"killed":[52],"by":[53],"his":[54,88,91,122],"partner.":[56],"This":[57,179],"highlights":[59],"the":[60,69,136,153,170,198,207],"importance":[61,208],"comprehensive":[63,210],"medico-legal":[64,211],"investigation":[65],"to":[66,159,190],"accurately":[67],"reconstruct":[68],"mechanism":[70,202],"injury":[72],"exclude":[74],"alternative":[75],"causes":[76],"death.":[78],"Case":[79],"Presentation:":[80],"A":[81],"76-year-old":[82],"man":[83],"found":[85,97],"dead":[86],"home":[89],"after":[90],"72-year-old":[92],"wife":[93],"she":[96],"him":[98],"unresponsive.":[99],"He":[100],"had":[101,114],"history":[103],"asthma":[105,146],"chronic":[107],"alcohol":[108,148],"use,":[109],"reportedly":[111],"intoxicated,":[112],"been":[115],"involved":[116],"longstanding":[119],"conflict":[120],"with":[121,131],"spouse.":[123],"Autopsy":[124],"revealed":[125],"multiple":[126],"patterned":[127],"abrasions":[128],"contusions":[130],"extensive":[132],"intramuscular":[133,192],"hemorrhage":[134],"extremities.":[137],"Internal":[138],"examination":[139],"demonstrated":[140],"generalized":[141],"visceral":[142],"pallor.":[143],"Fatal":[144],"acute":[145],"intoxication":[149],"were":[150],"excluded.":[151],"Overall,":[152],"cause":[154],"death":[156,173],"determined":[158],"be":[160],"hemorrhagic":[161],"shock":[162],"resulting":[163],"from":[164],"repeated":[165],"blunt":[166,185],"force":[167,186],"trauma,":[168],"manner":[171],"classified":[175],"as":[176],"homicide.":[177],"Conclusions:":[178],"demonstrates":[181],"sustained":[184],"assault":[187],"lead":[189],"blood":[193],"pooling.":[194],"Furthermore,":[195],"it":[196],"illustrates":[197],"rare":[199],"demographic":[200],"patterns":[203],"IPH,":[205],"underscoring":[206],"evaluation":[212],"awareness":[214],"such":[216],"occurrences.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-05-28T00:00:00"}