{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162467261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65521/ijasret.v9i3.1777","title":"Dual-Encoder Dense Retrieval Framework for Efficient Question Answering","display_name":"Dual-Encoder Dense Retrieval Framework for Efficient Question Answering","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162467261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65521/ijasret.v9i3.1777"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.65521/ijasret.v9i3.1777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65521/ijasret.v9i3.1777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.65521/ijasret.v9i3.1777","pdf_url":"https://journals.mriindia.com/index.php/ijasret/article/download/1777/1711","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201136","display_name":"International Journal of Advance Scientific Research and Engineering Trends","issn_l":"2456-0774","issn":["2456-0774"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Engineering Trends","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://journals.mriindia.com/index.php/ijasret/article/download/1777/1711","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008683028","display_name":"Balaji Adusumalli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr. BALAJI ADUSUMALLI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalapathi Institute of Engineering and Technology, LAM, Guntur, AP, India1  Department of Computer Science and Engineering,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalapathi Institute of Engineering and Technology, LAM, Guntur, AP, India1  Department of Computer Science and Engineering,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137035022","display_name":"ANNARAPU MOUNIKA","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ANNARAPU MOUNIKA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalapathi Institute of Engineering and Technology, LAM, Guntur, AP, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalapathi Institute of Engineering and Technology, LAM, Guntur, AP, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137007031","display_name":"BOLAMALA AJAY KUMAR","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BOLAMALA AJAY KUMAR","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalapathi Institute of Engineering and Technology, LAM, Guntur, AP, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalapathi Institute of Engineering and Technology, LAM, Guntur, AP, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136994404","display_name":"ADAPALA CHANDRIKA PRIYANKA","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ADAPALA CHANDRIKA PRIYANKA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalapathi Institute of Engineering and Technology, LAM, Guntur, AP, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalapathi Institute of Engineering and Technology, LAM, Guntur, AP, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137060814","display_name":"DASARI RAMA KRISHNA","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DASARI RAMA KRISHNA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalapathi Institute of Engineering and Technology, LAM, Guntur, AP, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalapathi Institute of Engineering and Technology, LAM, Guntur, AP, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44876579,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"13","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.8661999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.8661999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.1306000053882599,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-domain-question-answering","display_name":"open-domain question answering","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dense-passage-retrieval","display_name":"dense passage retrieval","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-encoder-retrieval","display_name":"dual-encoder retrieval","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrastive-learning","display_name":"contrastive learning","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bert-fine-tuning","display_name":"BERT fine-tuning","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-overlap","display_name":"lexical overlap","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-questions","display_name":"Natural Questions","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triviaqa","display_name":"TriviaQA","score":0.9229999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8457000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.8356999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.7056000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.513700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161156560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1638872","display_name":"Document retrieval","level":2,"score":0.5041999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4950999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.490200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.47749999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.439300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.4018000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89686163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187982","display_name":"Vector space model","level":2,"score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.37619999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.3716000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173862523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421270","display_name":"Explicit semantic analysis","level":5,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90288658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3318149","display_name":"Human\u2013computer information retrieval","level":3,"score":0.35040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174252522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816772","display_name":"Natural language user interface","level":3,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778493491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449072","display_name":"Semantic matching","level":3,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99016210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5488129","display_name":"Query expansion","level":2,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86034646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474311","display_name":"Semantic gap","level":4,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44083865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3853443","display_name":"Mean reciprocal rank","level":2,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551230270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4368942","display_name":"Data retrieval","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116425068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4686695","display_name":"Adversarial information retrieval","level":5,"score":0.2558000087738037}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.65521/ijasret.v9i3.1777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65521/ijasret.v9i3.1777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.65521/ijasret.v9i3.1777","pdf_url":"https://journals.mriindia.com/index.php/ijasret/article/download/1777/1711","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201136","display_name":"International Journal of Advance Scientific Research and Engineering Trends","issn_l":"2456-0774","issn":["2456-0774"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Engineering Trends","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.journals.mriindia.com:article/1777","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.mriindia.com/index.php/ijasret/article/view/1777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201136","display_name":"International Journal of Advance Scientific Research and Engineering Trends","issn_l":"2456-0774","issn":["2456-0774"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2456-0774","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.65521/ijasret.v9i3.1777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65521/ijasret.v9i3.1777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.65521/ijasret.v9i3.1777","pdf_url":"https://journals.mriindia.com/index.php/ijasret/article/download/1777/1711","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201136","display_name":"International Journal of Advance Scientific Research and Engineering Trends","issn_l":"2456-0774","issn":["2456-0774"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Engineering Trends","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7162467261.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7162467261.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2909544278","https://openalex.org/W3015468748","https://openalex.org/W4403676196","https://openalex.org/W4404469380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362586115","https://openalex.org/W3092683697","https://openalex.org/W4404366193","https://openalex.org/W7109054153","https://openalex.org/W3209717315","https://openalex.org/W3156359583","https://openalex.org/W4221016102","https://openalex.org/W4412944841","https://openalex.org/W4296878065","https://openalex.org/W4362559515"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Open-domain":[0],"question":[1],"answering":[2],"(ODQA)":[3],"has":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6,63],"a":[7,77,102,159],"critical":[8],"area":[9],"in":[10,33,36,114,150,171,199],"natural":[11],"language":[12],"processing,":[13],"enabling":[14],"systems":[15],"to":[16,18,71,87],"respond":[17],"user":[19],"queries":[20,50],"by":[21],"retrieving":[22],"relevant":[23],"information":[24,197],"from":[25],"vast":[26],"unstructured":[27],"text":[28],"corpora.":[29],"A":[30],"fundamental":[31],"challenge":[32],"ODQA":[34,136],"lies":[35],"the":[37,45,99,164,184],"retrieval":[38,60,130,148,152,180],"of":[39],"passages":[40],"that":[41,83,178],"contain":[42],"or":[43,65],"support":[44],"correct":[46],"answer,":[47],"especially":[48],"when":[49],"and":[51,95,126,141,188,195],"source":[52],"texts":[53],"share":[54],"limited":[55],"lexical":[56,187],"overlap.":[57],"Traditional":[58],"sparse":[59,147],"methods":[61,149],"such":[62],"TF-IDF":[64],"BM25,":[66],"although":[67],"fast,":[68],"often":[69],"fail":[70],"capture":[72],"semantic":[73,111,189],"relevance.This":[74],"paper":[75],"presents":[76],"Dense":[78],"Passage":[79],"Retrieval":[80],"(DPR)":[81],"framework":[82],"leverages":[84],"dual-encoder":[85],"architectures":[86,123],"generate":[88],"dense":[89,179],"vector":[90],"representations":[91],"for":[92,129],"both":[93],"questions":[94],"passages.":[96],"By":[97],"training":[98],"encoders":[100],"using":[101],"contrastive":[103],"learning":[104],"approach":[105],"on":[106,134],"question-passage":[107],"pairs,":[108],"DPR":[109,133,157],"facilitates":[110],"similarity":[112],"matching":[113,190],"an":[115],"embedding":[116],"space.":[117],"The":[118,175],"model":[119],"employs":[120],"pre-trained":[121],"transformer":[122],"like":[124],"BERT":[125],"fine-tunes":[127],"them":[128],"tasks.We":[131],"evaluate":[132],"standard":[135],"benchmarks,":[137],"including":[138],"Natural":[139],"Questions":[140],"TriviaQA,":[142],"where":[143],"it":[144],"consistently":[145],"outperforms":[146],"top-k":[151],"accuracy.":[153],"In":[154],"addition,":[155],"integrating":[156],"with":[158],"reader":[160],"module":[161],"significantly":[162],"enhances":[163],"end-to-end":[165],"QA":[166,173,201],"performance,":[167],"demonstrating":[168],"its":[169],"applicability":[170],"real-time":[172],"pipelines.":[174],"results":[176],"confirm":[177],"not":[181],"only":[182],"bridges":[183],"gap":[185],"between":[186],"but":[191],"also":[192],"enables":[193],"scalable":[194],"efficient":[196],"access":[198],"large-scale":[200],"systems.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-05-27T00:00:00"}