{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162425014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/indiacom70271.2026.11525796","title":"Ensemble Machine Learning Framework for Missing Micronutrient Prediction in Food Composition","display_name":"Ensemble Machine Learning Framework for Missing Micronutrient Prediction in Food Composition","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162425014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/indiacom70271.2026.11525796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/indiacom70271.2026.11525796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/indiacom70271.2026.11525796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/indiacom70271.2026.11525796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419282","display_name":"International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 13th International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137026817","display_name":"Nthabiseng Ralethoko","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331084196","display_name":"National Forensic Sciences University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fbv3w59","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331084196"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nthabiseng Ralethoko","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Technology,National Forensic Sciences University,Gandhinagar,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Technology,National Forensic Sciences University,Gandhinagar,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331084196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015452294","display_name":"Ngaira Mandela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9927-6443","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9927-6443"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2752562790","display_name":"Kampala International University","ror":"https://ror.org/017g82c94","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2752562790"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngaira Mandela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kampala International University,Department of Computing,Ishaka,Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kampala International University,Department of Computing,Ishaka,Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2752562790"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034852225","display_name":"Ronald Ojino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9524-2077","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9524-2077"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256106","display_name":"Open University of Kenya","ror":"https://ror.org/03s72rc96","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256106"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Ojino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Open University of Kenya Konza Technopolis,Department of Computing,Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Open University of Kenya Konza Technopolis,Department of Computing,Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256106"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052967996","display_name":"Edna Chelangat Milgo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7874-6609","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7874-6609"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256106","display_name":"Open University of Kenya","ror":"https://ror.org/03s72rc96","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256106"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edna Milgo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Open University of Kenya Konza Technopolis,Department of Computing,Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Open University of Kenya Konza Technopolis,Department of Computing,Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256106"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007643923","display_name":"Felix Etyang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2883-6008","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2883-6008"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20497027","display_name":"Cochin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00a4kqq17","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20497027"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Etyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cochin University of Science and Technology,Department of Computer Science Engineering,Kochi,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cochin University of Science and Technology,Department of Computer Science Engineering,Kochi,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20497027"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14127","display_name":"Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development","score":0.4699999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14127","display_name":"Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development","score":0.4699999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13373","display_name":"Data Mining and Machine Learning Applications","score":0.20020000636577606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.1316000074148178,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-composition-data","display_name":"food composition data","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stacking-ensemble","display_name":"stacking ensemble","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lstm","display_name":"LSTM","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-regression","display_name":"support vector regression","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xgboost","display_name":"XGBoost","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamins","display_name":"vitamins","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minerals","display_name":"minerals","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-assessment","display_name":"dietary assessment","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thiamine","display_name":"thiamine","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnesium","display_name":"magnesium","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-c","display_name":"vitamin C","score":0.996999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5936999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5076000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.43959999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.429500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.2989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119898033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433888","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14522933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531507","display_name":"Micronutrient","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/indiacom70271.2026.11525796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/indiacom70271.2026.11525796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/indiacom70271.2026.11525796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419282","display_name":"International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 13th International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.991100013256073,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529533208","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2080891130","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W3005887254","https://openalex.org/W3021603874","https://openalex.org/W3046206337","https://openalex.org/W3212183847","https://openalex.org/W4220869656","https://openalex.org/W4280490195","https://openalex.org/W4280653692","https://openalex.org/W4283715676","https://openalex.org/W4362702254","https://openalex.org/W4365504962","https://openalex.org/W4385237726","https://openalex.org/W4388666639","https://openalex.org/W4394987666","https://openalex.org/W4402053841","https://openalex.org/W4405424698","https://openalex.org/W4407086755","https://openalex.org/W4407820399","https://openalex.org/W4409197744","https://openalex.org/W4414260377","https://openalex.org/W4417491109"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7134248904","https://openalex.org/W4324010574","https://openalex.org/W4406590592","https://openalex.org/W4365504962","https://openalex.org/W7163985952","https://openalex.org/W7120956755","https://openalex.org/W3137915427","https://openalex.org/W7117990362","https://openalex.org/W7164495863","https://openalex.org/W4382358099"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"its":[1],"crucial":[2],"role":[3],"in":[4,21],"dietary":[5],"assessment,":[6],"the":[7,46,69],"USDA":[8],"Food":[9],"and":[10,32,59,114,135,150,181],"Nutrient":[11],"Database":[12],"for":[13,117,169,176],"Dietary":[14],"Studies":[15],"(FNDDS)":[16],"2021-2023":[17],"has":[18],"significant":[19],"gaps":[20],"reported":[22],"micronutrient":[23],"values,":[24],"with":[25,172],"missing":[26,70],"data":[27],"varying":[28],"greatly":[29],"across":[30],"nutrients":[31],"food":[33,79],"codes.":[34],"The":[35,142],"study":[36],"proposes":[37],"a":[38,136,152],"new":[39],"ensemble":[40],"machine":[41],"learning":[42],"model":[43],"that":[44],"incorporates":[45],"Long":[47],"Short-Term":[48],"Memory":[49],"(LSTM)":[50],"networks,":[51],"Random":[52],"Forest":[53],"(RF),":[54],"Support":[55],"Vector":[56],"Regression":[57],"(SVR)":[58],"eXtreme":[60],"Gradient":[61],"Boosting":[62],"(XGBoost)":[63],"through":[64],"stacking":[65],"metalearning":[66],"to":[67],"estimate":[68],"micronutrients.":[71],"By":[72],"analyzing":[73],"23":[74],"Micronutrients":[75],"values":[76],"of":[77,139,156],"5,431":[78],"items,":[80],"jointly":[81],"trained":[82],"learners":[83],"obtained":[84],"an$\\mathbf{R}^{\\mathbf{2}}$of$\\mathbf{0.":[85],"8":[86],"9":[87,91],"2}$for":[88],"Vitamins":[89,113],"and$\\mathbf{0.":[90],"1":[92],"5}$for":[93],"Minerals,":[94],"which":[95],"outperformed":[96],"individual":[97],"Learners":[98],"by$\\mathbf{2.":[99],"4}-\\mathbf{5.":[100],"3":[101,111],"\\%}$.":[102],"Overall,":[103],"it":[104],"had":[105],"an":[106],"average":[107],"accuracy":[108],"of$\\mathbf{8":[109],"7.":[110],"\\%}$for":[112],"89.7":[115],"%":[116],"Minerals.":[118],"Model":[119],"performance":[120,168],"was":[121],"comprehensively":[122],"evaluated":[123],"using":[124],"statistical":[125],"significance":[126],"testing":[127],"(p$<0.001$),":[128],"feature":[129],"importance":[130],"analysis,":[131],"correlation":[132],"matrix":[133],"validation,":[134],"detailed":[137],"assessment":[138],"prediction":[140],"errors.":[141],"framework":[143],"exhibited":[144],"minimal":[145],"systematic":[146],"bias":[147],"(0.65":[148],"%)":[149],"achieved":[151],"mean":[153],"absolute":[154],"error":[155],"15.3":[157],"mg.":[158],"Comparative":[159],"benchmarking":[160],"against":[161],"Razavi":[162],"et":[163],"al.":[164],"(2023)":[165],"indicated":[166],"superior":[167],"several":[170],"micronutrients,":[171],"marked":[173],"improvements":[174],"observed":[175],"thiamin$(+44.4":[177],"\\%)$,":[178,180],"magnesium$(+217.9":[179],"vitamin":[182],"C":[183],"($+83.8":[184],"\\%$).":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-05-27T00:00:00"}