{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162419787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02307-4","title":"Skyrmions based on optical anisotropy for topological encoding","display_name":"Skyrmions based on optical anisotropy for topological encoding","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162419787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02307-4","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42192097"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41377-026-02307-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02307-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02307-4","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41377-026-02307-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2498964232","display_name":"Light Science & Applications","issn_l":"2047-7538","issn":["2047-7538","2095-5545"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Light: Science & Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41377-026-02307-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137055812","display_name":"Yunqi Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunqi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137064352","display_name":"An Aloysius Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An Aloysius Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102539028","display_name":"Runchen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2402-8246","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2402-8246"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runchen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003664134","display_name":"Zimo Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8390-2699","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8390-2699"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zimo Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8390-2699","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072547808","display_name":"Yifei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0521-5687","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0521-5687"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001698205","display_name":"Ruofu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4258-0386","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4258-0386"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruofu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073201624","display_name":"Zhi-Kai Pong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2642-3981","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2642-3981"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Kai Pong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136996170","display_name":"Yuxi Cai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxi Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chao He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9654-830X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9654-830X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. chao.he@eng.ox.ac.uk"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9654-830X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. chao.he@eng.ox.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":{"value":4190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4190},"apc_paid":{"value":4190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4190},"fwci":16.3224,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99439184,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10657","display_name":"Topological Materials and Phenomena","score":0.6157000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10657","display_name":"Topological Materials and Phenomena","score":0.6157000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10306","display_name":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","score":0.17399999499320984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":0.04780000075697899,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skyrmions","display_name":"skyrmions","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-anisotropy","display_name":"optical anisotropy","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topological-encoding","display_name":"topological encoding","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manifolds","display_name":"manifolds","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-crystals","display_name":"liquid crystals","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topological-robustness","display_name":"topological robustness","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structured-light","display_name":"structured light","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-matter-interaction","display_name":"light-matter interaction","score":0.6990000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88020606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041630","display_name":"Skyrmion","level":2,"score":0.9656999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6456000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6126999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.5425999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85725439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686","display_name":"Anisotropy","level":2,"score":0.5375999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.5121999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73586568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2600211","display_name":"Parameter space","level":2,"score":0.3885999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95930237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14506045","display_name":"Optical phenomena","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193614536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186","display_name":"Poynting vector","level":3,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41377-026-02307-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02307-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02307-4","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41377-026-02307-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2498964232","display_name":"Light Science & Applications","issn_l":"2047-7538","issn":["2047-7538","2095-5545"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Light: Science & Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42192097","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42192097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Light, science & applications","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e85110ae18da494e929d75cd6ac8a928","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e85110ae18da494e929d75cd6ac8a928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Light: Science & Applications, Vol 15, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13213056","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42192097/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Light Sci Appl","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41377-026-02307-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02307-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02307-4","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41377-026-02307-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2498964232","display_name":"Light Science & Applications","issn_l":"2047-7538","issn":["2047-7538","2095-5545"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Light: Science & Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320290","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7162419787.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7162419787.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964683291","https://openalex.org/W1991395163","https://openalex.org/W2030385904","https://openalex.org/W2072349591","https://openalex.org/W2135772921","https://openalex.org/W2165198307","https://openalex.org/W2201052809","https://openalex.org/W2259692229","https://openalex.org/W2280770413","https://openalex.org/W2335035220","https://openalex.org/W2462590404","https://openalex.org/W2499898469","https://openalex.org/W2514717094","https://openalex.org/W2592021681","https://openalex.org/W2596936968","https://openalex.org/W2712584754","https://openalex.org/W2768478528","https://openalex.org/W2884207325","https://openalex.org/W2926126903","https://openalex.org/W3001215892","https://openalex.org/W3004472751","https://openalex.org/W3046126469","https://openalex.org/W3103699933","https://openalex.org/W3104262586","https://openalex.org/W3119725016","https://openalex.org/W3157339827","https://openalex.org/W3201635246","https://openalex.org/W4210960775","https://openalex.org/W4214759217","https://openalex.org/W4230159679","https://openalex.org/W4292749409","https://openalex.org/W4293484768","https://openalex.org/W4307285037","https://openalex.org/W4362465779","https://openalex.org/W4390345325","https://openalex.org/W4390669949","https://openalex.org/W4392468273","https://openalex.org/W4392807112","https://openalex.org/W4403800428","https://openalex.org/W4404580170","https://openalex.org/W4405990184","https://openalex.org/W4407157656","https://openalex.org/W4407568403","https://openalex.org/W4407957625","https://openalex.org/W4408377202","https://openalex.org/W4414486223","https://openalex.org/W4414587655","https://openalex.org/W4415086806","https://openalex.org/W4417271223","https://openalex.org/W4417513684","https://openalex.org/W6948280634","https://openalex.org/W7101435451","https://openalex.org/W7117698867","https://openalex.org/W7117709424","https://openalex.org/W7124678744"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"-valued":[0],"fields,":[1],"reflecting":[2],"the":[3,8,11,29,45,76,94,160],"ubiquity":[4],"of":[5,10,22,38,47,79,144],"topology":[6],"in":[7,36,103,146],"study":[9],"natural":[12],"world.":[13],"In":[14],"this":[15,56,137],"paper,":[16],"we":[17,64,139,158],"develop":[18],"an":[19,89,153],"abstract":[20],"technique":[21,67],"parameter":[23],"space":[24],"dimensionality":[25],"reduction":[26],"that":[27,49,55,163],"extends":[28],"skyrmion":[30],"framework":[31],"to":[32,68],"fields":[33,102],"taking":[34],"values":[35],"manifolds":[37],"dimension":[39],"greater":[40],"than":[41,59],"2,":[42],"thereby":[43],"broadening":[44],"range":[46],"systems":[48],"can":[50],"support":[51],"skyrmions.":[52],"To":[53],"prove":[54],"is":[57],"more":[58,95],"just":[60],"a":[61,86,112,119,141,166],"mathematical":[62],"abstraction,":[63],"apply":[65],"our":[66],"light-matter":[69],"interactions,":[70],"directly":[71],"encoding":[72],"skyrmionic":[73,126],"structures":[74],"into":[75],"optical":[77],"anisotropy":[78],"spatially":[80],"varying":[81],"structured":[82],"matter":[83],"by":[84,100],"selecting":[85],"distinguished":[87],"axis,":[88],"approach":[90],"fundamentally":[91],"different":[92],"from":[93],"commonly":[96],"known":[97],"skyrmions":[98,110,145],"formed":[99],"director":[101],"liquid":[104],"crystals.":[105],"We":[106],"experimentally":[107],"realize":[108],"such":[109],"using":[111],"liquid-crystal-based":[113],"tunable":[114],"elliptical":[115],"retarder":[116],"array":[117],"as":[118,165],"proof-of-concept":[120],"platform":[121],"and":[122,151,175],"demonstrate":[123,140],"complex,":[124],"reconfigurable":[125],"states":[127],"exhibiting":[128],"topological":[129],"robustness":[130,172],"under":[131],"artificially":[132],"introduced":[133],"stochastic":[134],"perturbations.":[135],"Exploiting":[136],"robustness,":[138],"promising":[142],"application":[143],"topologically":[147],"protected":[148],"information":[149],"storage":[150],"provide":[152],"easily":[154],"verifiable":[155],"rule,":[156,162],"which":[157],"term":[159],"60\u00b0":[161],"serves":[164],"practical":[167],"engineering":[168],"criterion":[169],"for":[170],"guaranteeing":[171],"against":[173],"noise":[174],"measurement":[176],"errors.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2026-05-27T00:00:00"}