{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162197932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2026/v48i54253","title":"Bio-efficacy of Herbicides and Nutrient Management on Weed Control and Productivity of Chickpea","display_name":"Bio-efficacy of Herbicides and Nutrient Management on Weed Control and Productivity of Chickpea","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162197932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2026/v48i54253"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/jeai/2026/v48i54253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2026/v48i54253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2026/v48i54253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169779","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","issn_l":"2231-0606","issn":["2231-0606","2457-0591"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2026/v48i54253","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136847901","display_name":"Deepa Kushwaha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087875","display_name":"Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College","ror":"https://ror.org/008aa2j83","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087875","https://openalex.org/I875728190"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepa Kushwaha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh - 222002, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh - 222002, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029092859","display_name":"Shrish Kumar Singh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087875","display_name":"Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College","ror":"https://ror.org/008aa2j83","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087875","https://openalex.org/I875728190"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shrish Kumar Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh - 222002, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh - 222002, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104253698","display_name":"Gopal Swaroop Pathak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087875","display_name":"Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College","ror":"https://ror.org/008aa2j83","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087875","https://openalex.org/I875728190"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gopal Swaroop Pathak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh - 222002, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh - 222002, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087454805","display_name":"Harivansh Singh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087875","display_name":"Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College","ror":"https://ror.org/008aa2j83","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087875","https://openalex.org/I875728190"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harivansh Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh - 222002, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh - 222002, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087875"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125290391","display_name":"Chandra Prakash Singh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087875","display_name":"Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College","ror":"https://ror.org/008aa2j83","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087875","https://openalex.org/I875728190"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chandra Prakash Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh - 222002, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh - 222002, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087875"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087875"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"5","first_page":"601","last_page":"609"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12058","display_name":"Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chickpea","display_name":"chickpea","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-control","display_name":"weed control","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbicide-efficacy","display_name":"herbicide efficacy","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imazethapyr","display_name":"imazethapyr","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imazamox","display_name":"imazamox","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxyfluorfen","display_name":"oxyfluorfen","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quizalofop","display_name":"quizalofop","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pendimethalin","display_name":"pendimethalin","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient-management","display_name":"nutrient management","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhizobium","display_name":"Rhizobium","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phospho-soluble-bacteria","display_name":"phospho-soluble bacteria","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-yield","display_name":"grain yield","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-dry-matter","display_name":"weed dry matter","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-density","display_name":"weed density","score":0.6850000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147273371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739141","display_name":"Weed control","level":2,"score":0.8259000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.7663999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.7166000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105462344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17142554","display_name":"Nutrient management","level":3,"score":0.6238999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.5437999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4986000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.49790000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75639521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283519","display_name":"Field experiment","level":2,"score":0.46209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.4117000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144938864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Randomized block design","level":2,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780138947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393855","display_name":"Dry matter","level":2,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/jeai/2026/v48i54253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2026/v48i54253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2026/v48i54253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169779","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","issn_l":"2231-0606","issn":["2231-0606","2457-0591"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journaljeai.com:article/4253","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journaljeai.com/index.php/JEAI/article/view/4253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169779","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","issn_l":"2231-0606","issn":["2231-0606","2457-0591"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2457-0591","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05632498v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05632498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 2026, 48 (5), pp.601-609","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/jeai/2026/v48i54253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2026/v48i54253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2026/v48i54253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169779","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","issn_l":"2231-0606","issn":["2231-0606","2457-0591"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7164314542","https://openalex.org/W4407379805","https://openalex.org/W7213643012","https://openalex.org/W7213964875","https://openalex.org/W4416938755","https://openalex.org/W4389272023","https://openalex.org/W7155204360","https://openalex.org/W4291825656","https://openalex.org/W4403015773","https://openalex.org/W4415472671"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Chickpea":[1],"(Cicer":[2],"arietinum":[3],"L.)":[4],"is":[5,16,30,251],"a":[6,71],"key":[7],"Rabi":[8,69],"pulse":[9],"crop":[10,216],"in":[11,141,163],"India;":[12],"however,":[13],"its":[14],"productivity":[15,64],"severely":[17],"constrained":[18],"by":[19,161,241],"weed":[20,38,61,87,115,117,134,137,165,220,226,255],"infestation,":[21],"causing":[22],"substantial":[23],"yield":[24,121,168,259],"losses.":[25],"Reliance":[26],"on":[27,60,114],"manual":[28],"weeding":[29],"increasingly":[31],"impractical,":[32],"necessitating":[33],"integrated":[34,55],"approaches":[35],"combining":[36],"chemical":[37],"control":[39,227],"and":[40,63,89,98,106,110,120,136,155,208,221,229,257],"nutrient":[41,57,91,222],"management.":[42],"Aim:":[43],"The":[44,232],"field":[45,76],"experiment":[46,77],"aimed":[47],"to":[48,177,192],"evaluate":[49],"the":[50,132,142],"bio-efficacy":[51],"of":[52,65,187,234],"herbicide":[53],"combinations":[54],"with":[56,158,184,212,244],"management":[58,88,92,197,223],"practices":[59],"dynamics":[62],"chickpea.":[66],"Method:":[67],"During":[68],"2023\u201324,":[70],"Factorial":[72],"Randomized":[73],"Block":[74],"Design":[75],"was":[78,152,209],"conducted":[79],"at":[80,156,210],"Jaunpur,":[81],"Uttar":[82],"Pradesh,":[83],"India,":[84],"comprising":[85],"six":[86],"four":[90],"treatments.":[93],"Herbicide":[94],"regimes":[95],"included":[96],"pre-":[97],"post-emergence":[99],"applications":[100],"such":[101],"as":[102],"pendimethalin,":[103],"imazethapyr,":[104],"oxyfluorfen":[105,239],"quizalofop,":[107],"alongside":[108],"weed-free":[109,129,182],"weedy":[111,175],"checks.":[112],"Observations":[113],"density,":[116],"dry":[118,138],"matter":[119],"attributes":[122],"were":[123],"recorded.":[124],"Results:":[125],"Results":[126],"indicated":[127],"that":[128,199],"treatment":[130],"recorded":[131],"lowest":[133],"density":[135],"matter,":[139],"resulting":[140],"highest":[143],"grain":[144],"yield.":[145],"Among":[146],"herbicidal":[147],"treatments,":[148],"imazethapyr":[149,188,235],"+":[150,189,202,204,236,247,249],"imazamox":[151,190,237],"most":[153],"effective":[154,254],"par":[157,211],"oxyfluorfen,":[159],"followed":[160,240],"quizalofop":[162,242],"reducing":[164],"pressure.":[166],"Grain":[167],"ranged":[169],"from":[170],"1.00":[171],"t":[172,179,194],"ha\u207b\u00b9":[173,180],"under":[174,181,260],"check":[176],"1.99":[178],"conditions,":[183],"comparable":[185],"performance":[186],"(up":[191],"2.02":[193],"ha\u207b\u00b9).":[195],"Nutrient":[196],"showed":[198],"75%":[200,245],"RDF":[201,246],"Rhizobium":[203,248],"PSB":[205,250],"performed":[206],"best":[207],"100%":[213],"RDF,":[214],"improving":[215],"productivity.":[217,231],"Conclusion:":[218],"Integrated":[219],"significantly":[224],"improved":[225],"efficiency":[228],"chickpea":[230],"combination":[233],"or":[238],"along":[243],"recommended":[252],"for":[253],"suppression":[256],"higher":[258],"similar":[261],"agro-climatic":[262],"conditions.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-25T09:29:13.331239","created_date":"2026-05-24T00:00:00"}
