{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162128366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7427988/v1","title":"Association between Cumulative Triglyceride Glucose-Body Mass Index and Diabetes Incidence in Middle-aged and Elderly Chinese Population: A Prospective Nationwide Cohort Study Based on the CHARLS Database","display_name":"Association between Cumulative Triglyceride Glucose-Body Mass Index and Diabetes Incidence in Middle-aged and Elderly Chinese Population: A Prospective Nationwide Cohort Study Based on the CHARLS Database","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162128366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7427988/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7427988/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7427988/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7427988/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7427988/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7427988/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159782316","display_name":"Renhai Tian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094163","display_name":"Kunming Third People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00pv01967","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094163"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renhai Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Third People's Hospital of Kunming"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third People's Hospital of Kunming","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022799277","display_name":"\u9093\u7075\u82ac","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094163","display_name":"Kunming Third People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00pv01967","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094163"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingfen Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Third People's Hospital of Kunming"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third People's Hospital of Kunming","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159882223","display_name":"Jinyu Xiang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094163","display_name":"Kunming Third People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00pv01967","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094163"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyu Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Third People's Hospital of Kunming"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third People's Hospital of Kunming","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102659443","display_name":"Danqing Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094163","display_name":"Kunming Third People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00pv01967","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094163"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danqing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Third People's Hospital of Kunming"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third People's Hospital of Kunming","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030632278","display_name":"Lixian Chang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094163","display_name":"Kunming Third People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00pv01967","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094163"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixian Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Third People's Hospital of Kunming"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third People's Hospital of Kunming","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136768287","display_name":"Zhijian Dong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094163","display_name":"Kunming Third People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00pv01967","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094163"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijian Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Third People's Hospital of Kunming"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third People's Hospital of Kunming","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136733274","display_name":"Chunyun Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094163","display_name":"Kunming Third People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00pv01967","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094163"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Third People's Hospital of Kunming"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third People's Hospital of Kunming","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094163"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100418789","display_name":"Li Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2364-0858","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2364-0858"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094163","display_name":"Kunming Third People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00pv01967","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094163"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Third People's Hospital of Kunming"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third People's Hospital of Kunming","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094163"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100418789"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094163"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12964","display_name":"Diet, Metabolism, and Disease","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triglyceride-glucose-index","display_name":"triglyceride-glucose index","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tyg-bmi","display_name":"TyG-BMI","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-incidence","display_name":"diabetes incidence","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cumulative-exposure","display_name":"cumulative exposure","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-aged-and-older-adults","display_name":"middle-aged and older adults","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-duration","display_name":"sleep duration","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-population","display_name":"Chinese population","score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china-health-and-retirement-longitudinal-study","display_name":"China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study","score":0.8550000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88879693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217690","display_name":"Cumulative incidence","level":3,"score":0.8212000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68443243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2786686","display_name":"Quartile","level":3,"score":0.717199981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.6607999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.6388999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6118999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5931000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.552299976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5375999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5281999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.5128999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4219000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.39629998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151032500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5194182","display_name":"Cumulative dose","level":2,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994039464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217690","display_name":"Cumulative risk","level":2,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7427988/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7427988/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7427988/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7427988/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7427988/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7427988/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7427988/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7427988/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7162128366.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7162128366.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045974769","https://openalex.org/W2104622496","https://openalex.org/W2128573775","https://openalex.org/W2134922435","https://openalex.org/W2290879873","https://openalex.org/W2345328813","https://openalex.org/W2513427118","https://openalex.org/W2770797436","https://openalex.org/W2917667939","https://openalex.org/W2989096061","https://openalex.org/W3106723427","https://openalex.org/W3184395450","https://openalex.org/W3197619848","https://openalex.org/W3213712543","https://openalex.org/W4220790432","https://openalex.org/W4319294526","https://openalex.org/W4380079310","https://openalex.org/W4381799391","https://openalex.org/W4387734551","https://openalex.org/W4388283450","https://openalex.org/W4390640660","https://openalex.org/W4391397022","https://openalex.org/W4399714842","https://openalex.org/W4401390949","https://openalex.org/W4401628541","https://openalex.org/W4402984306"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408959973","https://openalex.org/W3188293574","https://openalex.org/W6902244210","https://openalex.org/W38184577","https://openalex.org/W7162292075","https://openalex.org/W7161058898","https://openalex.org/W6939644273","https://openalex.org/W4319162267","https://openalex.org/W4408989236","https://openalex.org/W7220687003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Purpose":[1],":The":[2],"present":[3],"study":[4,34],"aimed":[5],"to":[6,74,99,156,249],"evaluate":[7],"the":[8,14,38,101,112,117,139,159,232],"association":[9,102,212,233],"between":[10,103,213],"cumulative":[11,104,126,146,187,214],"TyG-BMI":[12,52,60,105,127,147,188,215,251],"and":[13,25,41,58,81,94,106,142,172,216,264],"incidence":[15,218],"of":[16,23,145,152,167,260],"diabetes":[17,107,154,196,217,261],"in":[18,116,138,158,186,195,267],"a":[19,192,209],"nationally":[20],"representative":[21],"sample":[22],"middle-aged":[24,263],"elderly":[26,265],"Chinese":[27],"adults.":[28],"Methods":[29],":":[30,110,200,204,246],"This":[31],"prospective":[32],"cohort":[33],"utilized":[35],"data":[36],"from":[37],"China":[39],"Health":[40],"Retirement":[42],"Longitudinal":[43],"Study":[44],"(CHARLS),":[45],"including":[46],"participants":[47,114,137],"aged":[48],"\u226545":[49],"years.":[50],"Cumulative":[51,247],"was":[53,65,128,189,234],"calculated":[54],"by":[55,237],"integrating":[56],"baseline":[57],"follow-up":[59],"values.":[61],"The":[62,124],"primary":[63],"outcome":[64],"incident":[66],"diabetes.":[67,123],"Multivariable":[68],"logistic":[69],"regression":[70],"models":[71],"were":[72,97],"used":[73,98],"estimate":[75],"odds":[76,151],"ratios":[77],"(":[78,85,176,198,219,240],"OR":[79,163,199],")":[80,166],"95%":[82,202],"confidence":[83],"intervals":[84],"CI":[86,165,203],").":[87],"In":[88],"addition,":[89],"restricted":[90],"cubic":[91],"splines":[92],"(RCS),":[93],"subgroup":[95],"analyses":[96],"explore":[100],"incidence.":[108],"Results":[109],"Among":[111],"4,945":[113],"included":[115],"final":[118],"analysis,":[119],"547":[120],"(11.06%)":[121],"developed":[122],"average":[125],"810.27":[129],"\u00b1":[130],"139.92.":[131],"After":[132],"adjusting":[133],"for":[134],"multiple":[135],"covariates,":[136],"second,":[140],"third,":[141],"fourth":[143],"quartiles":[144],"had":[148],"progressively":[149],"higher":[150],"developing":[153],"compared":[155],"those":[157],"lowest":[160],"quartile,":[161],"with":[162,191,256],"(95%":[164],"1.355":[168],"(0.973\u20131.886),":[169],"2.040":[170],"(1.453\u20132.864),":[171],"3.391":[173],"(2.311\u20134.975),":[174],"respectively":[175],"P":[177,220,224,241],"trend":[178],"<":[179,222],"0.001).":[180],"Furthermore,":[181],"each":[182],"standard":[183],"deviation":[184],"increase":[185,194],"associated":[190,255],"64.1%":[193],"risk":[197,259],"1.641;":[201],"1.439\u20131.873).":[205],"RCS":[206],"analysis":[207,229],"revealed":[208],"positive":[210],"linear":[211],"overall":[221],"0.001;":[223],"nonlinearity":[225],"=":[226,243],"0.308).":[227],"Subgroup":[228],"showed":[230],"that":[231],"significantly":[235],"modified":[236],"sleep":[238],"duration":[239],"interaction":[242],"0.029).":[244],"Conclusion":[245],"exposure":[248],"elevated":[250],"levels":[252],"is":[253],"independently":[254],"an":[257],"increased":[258],"among":[262],"individuals":[266],"China.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-05-23T00:00:00"}