{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162092001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1006-5120","title":"DYNAMIC LEARNER PROFILING AND ENGAGEMENT-DRIVEN ADAPTATION USING LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS","display_name":"DYNAMIC LEARNER PROFILING AND ENGAGEMENT-DRIVEN ADAPTATION USING LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162092001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1006-5120"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.33003/fjs-2026-1006-5120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1006-5120","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1006-5120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224159","display_name":"FUDMA Journal of Sciences","issn_l":"2616-1370","issn":["2616-1370","2645-2944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404662838","host_organization_name":"Federal University, Dutsin-Ma","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404662838"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Federal University, Dutsin-Ma"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1006-5120","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115408019","display_name":"Damilare Akinwunmi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30887324","display_name":"Babcock University","ror":"https://ror.org/00k0k7y87","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30887324"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damilare S. Akinwunmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30887324"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056943744","display_name":"Afolashade Oluwakemi Kuyoro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afolashade Kuyoro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039726986","display_name":"Uchenna Jeremiah Nzenwata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8684-8181","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8684-8181"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uchenna Nzenwata","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27484539,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"6","first_page":"236","last_page":"242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-learning-systems","display_name":"adaptive learning systems","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gpt","display_name":"GPT","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"reinforcement learning","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/double-deep-q-network","display_name":"double deep Q-network","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retrieval-augmented-generation","display_name":"retrieval-augmented generation","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-analytics","display_name":"behavioral analytics","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affective-states","display_name":"affective states","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-learning","display_name":"personalized learning","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-retention","display_name":"knowledge retention","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"student engagement","score":0.8230000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.8686000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7301999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.49149999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4821000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118147538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126970","display_name":"Metacognition","level":3,"score":0.4706999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.43880000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.40939998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52970973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497134","display_name":"Adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.37940001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125014702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680749","display_name":"Adaptive learning","level":2,"score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.33003/fjs-2026-1006-5120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1006-5120","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1006-5120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224159","display_name":"FUDMA Journal of Sciences","issn_l":"2616-1370","issn":["2616-1370","2645-2944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404662838","host_organization_name":"Federal University, Dutsin-Ma","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404662838"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Federal University, Dutsin-Ma"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fjs.fudutsinma.edu.ng:article/5120","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://fjs.fudutsinma.edu.ng/index.php/index/article/view/5120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224159","display_name":"FUDMA Journal of Sciences","issn_l":"2616-1370","issn":["2616-1370","2645-2944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404662838","host_organization_name":"Federal University, Dutsin-Ma","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404662838"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Federal University, Dutsin-Ma"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2645-2944","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.33003/fjs-2026-1006-5120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1006-5120","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1006-5120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224159","display_name":"FUDMA Journal of Sciences","issn_l":"2616-1370","issn":["2616-1370","2645-2944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404662838","host_organization_name":"Federal University, Dutsin-Ma","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404662838"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Federal University, Dutsin-Ma"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.975600004196167,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7118168806","https://openalex.org/W7215428859","https://openalex.org/W4412680049","https://openalex.org/W7117167677","https://openalex.org/W7166716880","https://openalex.org/W7117706835","https://openalex.org/W7123497985","https://openalex.org/W7220834598","https://openalex.org/W7140166756","https://openalex.org/W7133346300"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dynamic":[0],"learner":[1,49,68,78,148,189],"profiling":[2,69,132,142],"has":[3],"become":[4],"a":[5,31,57,66,108],"critical":[6],"component":[7],"in":[8,51,64,141],"adaptive":[9,183],"learning":[10,45,158,177,194],"systems,":[11,127],"particularly":[12],"with":[13,124,163],"the":[14,169],"emergence":[15],"of":[16,22,146,171,187],"large":[17,38,172],"language":[18,26,39,173],"models":[19,72,174],"(LLMs)":[20],"capable":[21,186],"processing":[23],"complex":[24],"natural":[25],"interactions.":[27],"This":[28],"paper":[29],"presents":[30],"framework":[32,121],"for":[33],"engagement-driven":[34],"adaptation":[35,90],"using":[36,103],"GPT-based":[37],"models,":[40,130],"behavioural":[41],"analytics,":[42],"and":[43,60,76,107,131,157,175,182,192],"reinforcement":[44,135,176],"to":[46,87,178],"continuously":[47],"update":[48],"profiles":[50],"real":[52],"time.":[53],"The":[54,119,166],"study":[55],"adopted":[56],"design":[58],"science":[59],"experimental":[61],"research":[62],"approach":[63],"developing":[65],"multi-dimensional":[67],"system":[70],"that":[71],"cognitive,":[73],"affective,":[74],"behavioural,":[75],"metacognitive":[77],"states.":[79],"A":[80],"Double":[81],"Deep":[82],"Q-Network":[83],"(DDQN)":[84],"was":[85,101,122],"integrated":[86],"optimise":[88],"instructional":[89],"strategies,":[91],"while":[92],"retrieval-augmented":[93],"generation":[94],"improved":[95],"contextual":[96],"response":[97],"generation.":[98],"Experimental":[99],"evaluation":[100],"conducted":[102],"public":[104],"educational":[105,184],"datasets":[106],"proprietary":[109],"tutoring":[110],"interaction":[111,117],"corpus":[112],"containing":[113],"over":[114],"1.8":[115],"million":[116],"records.":[118],"proposed":[120],"compared":[123,162],"static":[125],"rule-based":[126],"vanilla":[128],"GPT":[129],"systems":[133,185],"without":[134],"learning.":[136],"Results":[137],"showed":[138],"significant":[139],"improvements":[140],"accuracy":[143],"(overall":[144],"F1-score":[145],"0.86),":[147],"engagement":[149,152],"(65%":[150],"deep":[151],"rate),":[153],"knowledge":[154],"retention":[155],"(84%),":[156],"efficiency":[159],"(1.5\u00d7":[160],"improvement)":[161],"baseline":[164],"systems.":[165],"findings":[167],"demonstrate":[168],"potential":[170],"support":[179],"highly":[180],"personalised":[181],"improving":[188],"engagement,":[190],"retention,":[191],"overall":[193],"outcomes.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-06T10:28:23.643775","created_date":"2026-05-23T00:00:00"}
