{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161970549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15101573","title":"Impact of Harvest Timing and Stir-Frying on the Bioactive Compounds, Bioactivities, and Flavor of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen: An Integrated Analysis via GC-IMS, Electronic Sensors, and Caenorhabditis elegans Model","display_name":"Impact of Harvest Timing and Stir-Frying on the Bioactive Compounds, Bioactivities, and Flavor of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen: An Integrated Analysis via GC-IMS, Electronic Sensors, and Caenorhabditis elegans Model","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161970549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15101573","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42197708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/plants15101573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15101573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15101573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230202","display_name":"Plants","issn_l":"2223-7747","issn":["2223-7747"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plants","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15101573","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102565218","display_name":"Junguang Ning","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junguang Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121552271","display_name":"Hanbing Zhu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanbing Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121585259","display_name":"Jia Tian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136702689","display_name":"Li Dai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136638417","display_name":"Decang Kong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Decang Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cangzhou Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, Cangzhou 016000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cangzhou Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, Cangzhou 016000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121565600","display_name":"Ping Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136706134","display_name":"Jin Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136722035","display_name":"Lili Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3894-0113","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3894-0113"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lili Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3894-0113","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102010400","display_name":"Mengjun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9359-4025","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9359-4025","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9322-7081","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1855-3979"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengjun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136660486","display_name":"Zhihui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2729-0565","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2729-0565"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2729-0565","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":2.9233,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90793295,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"10","first_page":"1573","last_page":"1573"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13670","display_name":"Ziziphus Jujuba Studies and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13670","display_name":"Ziziphus Jujuba Studies and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11709","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Analysis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11613","display_name":"Phytochemistry and Biological Activities","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ziziphi-spinosae-semen","display_name":"Ziziphi Spinosae Semen","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ziziphus-jujuba-var-spinosa","display_name":"Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harvest-timing","display_name":"harvest time","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stir-frying","display_name":"stir-frying","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saponins","display_name":"saponins","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinosin","display_name":"spinosin","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sedative-effects","display_name":"sedative effects","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maillard-reaction","display_name":"Maillard reaction","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roasted-aroma","display_name":"roasted aroma","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flavor-profile","display_name":"flavor profile","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physiological-maturity","display_name":"physiological maturity","score":0.45100000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4173974","display_name":"Flavor","level":2,"score":0.6474000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23895516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550092","display_name":"Electronic nose","level":2,"score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780999044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310492","display_name":"Ziziphus","level":2,"score":0.5442000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778944004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91703","display_name":"Caenorhabditis elegans","level":3,"score":0.5205000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.4781999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.4203000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70899900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290439","display_name":"Polyphenol","level":3,"score":0.3944999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35378473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647574","display_name":"Maillard reaction","level":2,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3792000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24223341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218385","display_name":"Sensory analysis","level":2,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777562247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156022","display_name":"Lythraceae","level":2,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162244969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3217351","display_name":"Electronic tongue","level":3,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781380062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Folk medicine","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94487597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11101","display_name":"Sensory system","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777108408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11002","display_name":"Sugar","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/plants15101573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15101573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15101573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230202","display_name":"Plants","issn_l":"2223-7747","issn":["2223-7747"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plants","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42197708","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42197708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plants (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ed23ab090b734ac188eab2ec852a56f1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ed23ab090b734ac188eab2ec852a56f1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Plants, Vol 15, Iss 10, p 1573 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13211273","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13211273/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Plants (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/plants15101573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15101573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15101573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230202","display_name":"Plants","issn_l":"2223-7747","issn":["2223-7747"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plants","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.9208999872207642}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049716160","https://openalex.org/W2079366190","https://openalex.org/W2895916854","https://openalex.org/W3010213197","https://openalex.org/W3091000638","https://openalex.org/W3200968126","https://openalex.org/W4225656444","https://openalex.org/W4280489768","https://openalex.org/W4283770332","https://openalex.org/W4295006412","https://openalex.org/W4295338778","https://openalex.org/W4296934995","https://openalex.org/W4309766241","https://openalex.org/W4362454159","https://openalex.org/W4362522081","https://openalex.org/W4367396938","https://openalex.org/W4380148817","https://openalex.org/W4383216545","https://openalex.org/W4385780678","https://openalex.org/W4387766026","https://openalex.org/W4388568904","https://openalex.org/W4392962693","https://openalex.org/W4396978903","https://openalex.org/W4399913351","https://openalex.org/W4400620496","https://openalex.org/W4402240500","https://openalex.org/W4402905984","https://openalex.org/W4403714617","https://openalex.org/W4404869562","https://openalex.org/W4405395425","https://openalex.org/W4409360921","https://openalex.org/W4409787194","https://openalex.org/W4410201715","https://openalex.org/W4410514627","https://openalex.org/W4410921569","https://openalex.org/W4411527062","https://openalex.org/W4412991133","https://openalex.org/W4414149559","https://openalex.org/W4414440301","https://openalex.org/W4414552176","https://openalex.org/W4415387366","https://openalex.org/W4415716885","https://openalex.org/W4415766754","https://openalex.org/W4416345085","https://openalex.org/W7160273688"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigated":[2],"the":[3,62,95,127,133,145],"comprehensive":[4],"effects":[5,153],"of":[6,108,135,147],"harvest":[7,43],"timing":[8],"and":[9,23,33,74,110,120,154],"stir-frying":[10,93,146],"on":[11],"Ziziphi":[12],"Spinosae":[13],"Semen":[14],"(ZSS)":[15],"quality":[16],"using":[17],"chemical":[18],"profiling,":[19],"Caenorhabditis":[20],"elegans":[21,76],"bioassays,":[22],"intelligent":[24],"sensory":[25,97],"analysis":[26,113],"(electronic":[27],"nose":[28],"(E-nose),":[29],"electronic":[30],"tongue":[31],"(E-tongue),":[32],"gas":[34],"chromatography-ion":[35],"mobility":[36],"spectrometry":[37],"(GC-IMS)).":[38],"Results":[39],"indicated":[40],"that":[41],"delaying":[42],"to":[44,85,101],"15":[45],"September":[46],"significantly":[47,80],"promoted":[48],"bioactive":[49],"accumulation,":[50],"with":[51],"total":[52,96],"saponins":[53],"reaching":[54],"9.54":[55],"g":[56],"kg\u22121":[57],"at":[58,140],"this":[59],"stage.":[60],"Stir-frying":[61],"optimal":[63],"raw":[64],"material":[65],"further":[66],"enhanced":[67],"pharmacological":[68],"efficacy;":[69],"spinosin":[70],"content":[71],"increased":[72],"1.48-fold,":[73],"C.":[75],"motility":[77],"cessation":[78],"time":[79],"shortened":[81],"from":[82,99],"240":[83],"s":[84],"180":[86],"s,":[87],"demonstrating":[88],"superior":[89],"sedative":[90,152],"activity.":[91],"Additionally,":[92],"improved":[94],"score":[98],"53.8":[100],"80.4,":[102],"characterized":[103],"by":[104,144],"a":[105],"harmonized":[106],"balance":[107],"bitterness":[109],"umami.":[111],"GC-IMS":[112],"identified":[114],"Maillard":[115],"reaction":[116],"products,":[117],"specifically":[118],"2-methylpyrazine":[119],"2-methylbutanal":[121],"as":[122],"key":[123],"markers":[124],"responsible":[125],"for":[126],"distinctive":[128],"roasted":[129],"aroma.":[130],"Consequently,":[131],"harvesting":[132],"fruits":[134],"Ziziphus":[136],"jujuba":[137],"var.":[138],"spinosa":[139],"physiological":[141],"maturity,":[142],"followed":[143],"ZSS":[148],"effectively":[149],"enhances":[150],"its":[151],"flavor":[155],"profile.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2026-05-22T00:00:00"}