{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161938136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1786930","title":"Date palm by-products, fish waste, and Moringa oleifera as a cost-effective total mixed ration for fattening lambs: trade-offs between economic benefits and growth performance","display_name":"Date palm by-products, fish waste, and Moringa oleifera as a cost-effective total mixed ration for fattening lambs: trade-offs between economic benefits and growth performance","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161938136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1786930","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42254903","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13235437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.1786930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1786930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1786930","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1786930/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2594976040","display_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","issn_l":"2297-1769","issn":["2297-1769"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1786930/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029515293","display_name":"Said Shannan Al-Khalasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5678-6992","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5678-6992"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I209803261","display_name":"University of Nizwa","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxe3r04","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I209803261"]}],"countries":["OM"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Said Al-Khalasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNESCO Chair on Aflaj Studies and Socio-hydrology, University of Nizwa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNESCO Chair on Aflaj Studies and Socio-hydrology, University of Nizwa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I209803261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035929799","display_name":"Abdullah Saif Al\u2010Ghafri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4466-9534","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4466-9534"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I209803261","display_name":"University of Nizwa","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxe3r04","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I209803261"]}],"countries":["OM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Al-Ghafri","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNESCO Chair on Aflaj Studies and Socio-hydrology, University of Nizwa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNESCO Chair on Aflaj Studies and Socio-hydrology, University of Nizwa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I209803261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063084745","display_name":"Fahad Al-Yahyaey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8606-4253","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8606-4253"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahad Al-Yahyaey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Animal Production Research Center, Ministry of Agricultural, Fisheries Wealth and Water Resources"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Animal Production Research Center, Ministry of Agricultural, Fisheries Wealth and Water Resources","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112698612","display_name":"Kaadhia Al\u2010Kharousi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5295-6595","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5295-6595"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47818738","display_name":"Sultan Qaboos University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wq8zb47","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47818738"]}],"countries":["OM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaadhia Al-Kharousi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47818738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093048228","display_name":"Suad Nasser Al-Saqri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4767-3399","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4767-3399"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I209803261","display_name":"University of Nizwa","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxe3r04","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I209803261"]}],"countries":["OM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suad Al-Saqri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I209803261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136650212","display_name":"Zainab Al-Ismaili","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I209803261","display_name":"University of Nizwa","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxe3r04","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I209803261"]}],"countries":["OM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zainab Al-Ismaili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I209803261"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136687104","display_name":"Hala Al-Sheibani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I209803261","display_name":"University of Nizwa","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxe3r04","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I209803261"]}],"countries":["OM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hala Al-Sheibani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I209803261"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029515293"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I209803261"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"1786930","last_page":"1786930"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10098","display_name":"Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10098","display_name":"Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12944","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Health","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/date-palm-by-products","display_name":"date palm by-products","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-waste","display_name":"fish waste","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moringa-oleifera","display_name":"Moringa oleifera","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-mixed-ration","display_name":"total mixed ration","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lamb-fattening","display_name":"lamb fattening","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-cost","display_name":"feed cost","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-performance","display_name":"growth performance","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient-digestibility","display_name":"nutrient digestibility","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carcass-traits","display_name":"carcass characteristics","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meat-quality","display_name":"meat quality","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hematological-parameters","display_name":"hematological parameters","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-chemistry","display_name":"serum biochemistry","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/by-product-utilization","display_name":"by-product utilization","score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-meal-replacement","display_name":"fish meal replacement","score":0.3109999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777942232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9353768","display_name":"Total mixed ration","level":5,"score":0.7671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310468","display_name":"Moringa","level":2,"score":0.7638000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22830521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649967","display_name":"Feed conversion ratio","level":3,"score":0.6193000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46254838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156536","display_name":"Completely randomized design","level":2,"score":0.5911999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.5511000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780320433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3403879","display_name":"Weight gain","level":3,"score":0.5425000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204288101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413095","display_name":"Fish meal","level":3,"score":0.4918000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.48080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.4788999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778345441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6460735","display_name":"Meal","level":2,"score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.41990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.38350000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776371603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q364900","display_name":"Soybean meal","level":3,"score":0.32910001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509243982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2836947","display_name":"Animal feed","level":2,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776873940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188672","display_name":"Bran","level":3,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017965810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3531615","display_name":"Carcass weight","level":3,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112964050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103459","display_name":"Livestock","level":2,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94598645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2347874","display_name":"Palm","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776902089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705520","display_name":"Hanwoo","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779039770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002961","display_name":"Neutral Detergent Fiber","level":3,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197371599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7878716","display_name":"Nutrient density","level":3,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134643618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q799856","display_name":"Bagasse","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777021569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7128104","display_name":"Palm kernel","level":3,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776379897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16958541","display_name":"Protein efficiency ratio","level":4,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180260311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423543","display_name":"Animal fat","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.1786930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1786930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1786930","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1786930/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2594976040","display_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","issn_l":"2297-1769","issn":["2297-1769"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42254903","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42254903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in veterinary science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13235437","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13235437/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Vet Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:76886a1bc2b84d37aa235546b6b41f1d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/76886a1bc2b84d37aa235546b6b41f1d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol 13 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.1786930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1786930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1786930","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1786930/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2594976040","display_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","issn_l":"2297-1769","issn":["2297-1769"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.7811999917030334}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7161938136.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7161938136.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135231967","https://openalex.org/W378451359","https://openalex.org/W1207566051","https://openalex.org/W1496457092","https://openalex.org/W1524398290","https://openalex.org/W1539341996","https://openalex.org/W1611789246","https://openalex.org/W1694945479","https://openalex.org/W1953702613","https://openalex.org/W1967357334","https://openalex.org/W1968217419","https://openalex.org/W1969802817","https://openalex.org/W1972945450","https://openalex.org/W1991762078","https://openalex.org/W1997087247","https://openalex.org/W2001777799","https://openalex.org/W2009951949","https://openalex.org/W2020388532","https://openalex.org/W2033591541","https://openalex.org/W2036027854","https://openalex.org/W2036352039","https://openalex.org/W2038036052","https://openalex.org/W2053812955","https://openalex.org/W2054734303","https://openalex.org/W2061220316","https://openalex.org/W2063301541","https://openalex.org/W2076707978","https://openalex.org/W2076800354","https://openalex.org/W2081096084","https://openalex.org/W2091729387","https://openalex.org/W2101230126","https://openalex.org/W2108415606","https://openalex.org/W2110589285","https://openalex.org/W2114814097","https://openalex.org/W2134067699","https://openalex.org/W2142470485","https://openalex.org/W2146154370","https://openalex.org/W2155122816","https://openalex.org/W2155279281","https://openalex.org/W2158835468","https://openalex.org/W2160406817","https://openalex.org/W2168488967","https://openalex.org/W2197848527","https://openalex.org/W2251979805","https://openalex.org/W2325865433","https://openalex.org/W2336643241","https://openalex.org/W2413827119","https://openalex.org/W2416966434","https://openalex.org/W2473100498","https://openalex.org/W2520101666","https://openalex.org/W2612882691","https://openalex.org/W2758521152","https://openalex.org/W2771252743","https://openalex.org/W2782140816","https://openalex.org/W2789383820","https://openalex.org/W2789725535","https://openalex.org/W2802120958","https://openalex.org/W2896524991","https://openalex.org/W2914548640","https://openalex.org/W3003375528","https://openalex.org/W3005998048","https://openalex.org/W3014172005","https://openalex.org/W3034012691","https://openalex.org/W3036044218","https://openalex.org/W3037020926","https://openalex.org/W3046380551","https://openalex.org/W3092827634","https://openalex.org/W3132900771","https://openalex.org/W3142043657","https://openalex.org/W3164962532","https://openalex.org/W3192738034","https://openalex.org/W4224107174","https://openalex.org/W4283258551","https://openalex.org/W4285082684","https://openalex.org/W4302447407","https://openalex.org/W4312066907","https://openalex.org/W4363644363","https://openalex.org/W4383736714","https://openalex.org/W4385303390","https://openalex.org/W4386202956","https://openalex.org/W4388681936","https://openalex.org/W4390603028","https://openalex.org/W4392861935","https://openalex.org/W4401519486","https://openalex.org/W4401841345","https://openalex.org/W4401894128","https://openalex.org/W4402617825","https://openalex.org/W4404864631","https://openalex.org/W7154473364"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2897630590","https://openalex.org/W3118836735","https://openalex.org/W3198547077","https://openalex.org/W7154473364","https://openalex.org/W4387812902","https://openalex.org/W2388172916","https://openalex.org/W4290188450","https://openalex.org/W7160981594","https://openalex.org/W4417094140","https://openalex.org/W7220101069"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"The":[1,92,329,460],"cost":[2,335,341,423,429],"of":[3],"animal":[4],"feed":[5,168,340,428],"is":[6],"a":[7,23,85,417,425,464],"serious":[8],"limiting":[9],"factor":[10],"in":[11,14,84,191,208,251,272,420,472],"livestock":[12],"production":[13,471],"arid":[15,473],"and":[16,38,111,114,123,130,135,158,290,318,338,367,386,396,424,447,452,466,481],"semi-arid":[17],"regions.":[18],"This":[19],"study":[20],"investigated":[21],"whether":[22],"locally":[24,485],"formulated":[25,93,183,192,252,330,387,410,461],"total":[26,149,258],"mixed":[27],"ration":[28],"(TMR)":[29],"based":[30],"on":[31],"date":[32,105,476],"palm":[33,96,477],"by-products,":[34,478],"fish":[35,102,479],"processing":[36],"waste,":[37,480],"Moringa":[39,108,482],"oleifera":[40,109,483],"could":[41],"serve":[42],"as":[43],"an":[44],"economical":[45],"alternative":[46],"to":[47,74,350,405,436],"commercial":[48,209,219,351,385,401,437],"TMR":[49,94,144,193,210,220,253,331,388,411,462],"for":[50,89,284,302,469],"fattening":[51],"Omani":[52,58],"lambs.":[53],"Methods":[54],"Twenty":[55],"intact":[56],"male":[57],"lambs":[59,145,181],"(initial":[60],"body":[61],"weight":[62,150,225,345,355,370,433],"20.5":[63],"\u00b1":[64,357,361,372,376],"2.3":[65],"kg,":[66],"approximately":[67],"5":[68],"months":[69],"old)":[70],"were":[71,133,267,300,382,450],"randomly":[72],"assigned":[73],"two":[75,139],"dietary":[76,140],"treatments":[77],"(":[78,247,286,292],"n":[79],"=":[80,178,198,215,231,249,288,294,365,380],"10":[81],"per":[82,342,430],"treatment)":[83],"completely":[86],"randomized":[87],"design":[88],"84":[90],"days.":[91],"contained":[95],"fronds":[97],"(16%),":[98],"barley":[99],"grains":[100],"(20%),":[101],"meal":[103],"(10%),":[104],"syrup":[106],"(18%),":[107],"leaves":[110],"stems":[112],"(34%),":[113],"sodium":[115],"chloride":[116],"(1%).":[117],"Productive":[118],"performance,":[119,408],"nutrient":[120],"digestibility,":[121],"hematological":[122,448],"biochemical":[124,276],"parameters,":[125],"carcass":[126,354,369,442,445],"characteristics,":[127],"meat":[128,304],"quality,":[129,440],"feeding":[131,334,422],"economics":[132],"evaluated":[134],"compared":[136,349,435],"between":[137,239,384],"the":[138,409],"treatments.":[141],"Results":[142],"Commercial":[143],"gained":[146],"significantly":[147,189,206,222,245],"more":[148],"(11.30":[151],"vs.":[152,163,172,195,212,227,262,311,316,322,359,374],"6.37":[153],"kg;":[154,229,324,363,378],"P":[155,177,197,214,230,248,287,293,326,364,379],"<":[156],"0.0001)":[157],"average":[159],"daily":[160,333,421],"gain":[161,346,434],"(0.135":[162],"0.076":[164],"kg/day)":[165],"with":[166,255,416],"better":[167],"conversion":[169],"ratio":[170],"(6.17":[171],"11.19":[173],"kg":[174,343,431],"feed/kg":[175],"gain;":[176],"0.0011)":[179],"than":[180,400],"fed":[182,218],"TMR.":[184,352,438],"Crude":[185],"protein":[186],"digestibility":[187,204,395],"was":[188,205,244,456],"higher":[190,207],"(68.64":[194],"61.35%;":[196],"0.039),":[199],"whereas":[200],"neutral":[201],"detergent":[202],"fiber":[203,394],"(49.51":[211],"36.56%;":[213],"0.002).":[216],"Animals":[217],"had":[221],"greater":[223],"slaughter":[224],"(30.86":[226],"25.54":[228],"0.004),":[232],"but":[233],"dressing":[234],"percentage":[235],"did":[236],"not":[237],"differ":[238],"groups.":[240,274],"Internal":[241],"fat":[242,260,454],"deposition":[243,455],"lower":[246,393,427],"0.012)":[250],"animals,":[254],"35.4%":[256],"less":[257],"internal":[259,453],"(1.305":[261],"2.021":[263],"kg).":[264],"Hematological":[265],"variables":[266],"within":[268],"normal":[269],"physiological":[270],"limits":[271],"both":[273],"Blood":[275],"analysis":[277],"showed":[278],"significant":[279,297],"time":[280],"\u00d7":[281],"treatment":[282,298],"interactions":[283],"glucose":[285],"0.001)":[289],"calcium":[291],"0.020).":[295],"No":[296],"effects":[299],"observed":[301],"any":[303],"quality":[305],"attributes,":[306],"including":[307],"ultimate":[308],"pH":[309],"(5.31":[310],"5.37),":[312],"cooking":[313],"loss":[314],"(27.37":[315],"25.90%),":[317],"shear":[319],"force":[320],"(3.90":[321],"3.81":[323],"all":[325],">":[327],"0.05).":[328],"reduced":[332,406,457],"by":[336,347,458],"68.5%":[337,418],"lowered":[339],"live":[344,432],"41.3%":[348,426],"Hot":[353],"(13.42":[356],"2.29":[358],"11.28":[360],"2.32":[362],"0.053)":[366],"cold":[368,444],"(13.07":[371],"2.25":[373],"11.03":[375],"2.19":[377],"0.057)":[381],"similar":[383],"groups,":[389],"respectively.":[390],"Discussion/conclusion":[391],"Despite":[392],"metabolizable":[397],"energy":[398],"availability":[399],"TMR,":[402],"which":[403],"translated":[404],"growth":[407],"offered":[412],"substantial":[413],"economic":[414],"benefits":[415],"reduction":[419],"Meat":[439],"hot":[441],"weight,":[443,446],"profiles":[449],"unaffected,":[451],"35.4%.":[459],"represents":[463],"viable":[465],"cost-effective":[467],"option":[468],"sheep":[470],"regions":[474],"where":[475],"are":[484],"available.":[486]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-05-22T00:00:00"}
