{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161588024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1823177","title":"Locomotor and discriminative stimulus effects of N-cyclohexyl butylone and N-cyclohexyl methylone","display_name":"Locomotor and discriminative stimulus effects of N-cyclohexyl butylone and N-cyclohexyl methylone","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161588024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1823177","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42232187","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13223129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1823177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1823177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1823177","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1823177/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1823177/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038101237","display_name":"Michael B. Gatch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3474-211X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3474-211X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165139151","display_name":"University of North Texas Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05msxaq47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165139151"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael B. Gatch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165139151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052970551","display_name":"Shuping Jia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165139151","display_name":"University of North Texas Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05msxaq47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165139151"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuping Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165139151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018771667","display_name":"Ritu A. Shetty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4240-6423","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4240-6423"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165139151","display_name":"University of North Texas Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05msxaq47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165139151"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ritu A. Shetty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165139151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113859528","display_name":"Rebecca D. Hill","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165139151","display_name":"University of North Texas Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05msxaq47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165139151"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca D. Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165139151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073698677","display_name":"Nathalie Sumien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0077-9873","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0077-9873"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165139151","display_name":"University of North Texas Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05msxaq47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165139151"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathalie Sumien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165139151"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106129609","display_name":"Michael J. Forster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3284-2558","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3284-2558"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165139151","display_name":"University of North Texas Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05msxaq47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165139151"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Forster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165139151"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038101237"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165139151"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":4.3771,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92247123,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1823177","last_page":"1823177"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10800","display_name":"Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10800","display_name":"Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12553","display_name":"Psychedelics and Drug Studies","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cathinone","display_name":"cathinone","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/locomotor-stimulant-effects","display_name":"locomotor stimulant effects","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-stimulus-effects","display_name":"discriminative stimulus effects","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methamphetamine","display_name":"methamphetamine","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cocaine","display_name":"cocaine","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mdma","display_name":"MDMA","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychostimulants","display_name":"psychostimulants","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convulsant-effects","display_name":"convulsant effects","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structure-activity-relationship","display_name":"structure-activity relationship","score":0.6340000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780376393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191924","display_name":"Methamphetamine","level":2,"score":0.8593000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.6805999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780557958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211036","display_name":"Stimulant","level":2,"score":0.6805999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69488","display_name":"MDMA","level":2,"score":0.5687999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57022672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617378","display_name":"Stimulus control","level":3,"score":0.539900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778900099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166679","display_name":"Convulsant","level":3,"score":0.5202999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779972045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262613","display_name":"Mephedrone","level":3,"score":0.4221000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124315065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194270","display_name":"Hallucinogen","level":2,"score":0.3847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018251022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3184856","display_name":"Abuse liability","level":3,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020689752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844924","display_name":"Illicit drug","level":3,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778236026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414242","display_name":"Cathinone","level":4,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779488553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625143","display_name":"Ecstasy","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177825189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5357702","display_name":"Electrical brain stimulation","level":3,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777193897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179452","display_name":"Amphetamine","level":3,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993436365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925958","display_name":"Locomotor activity","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1823177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1823177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1823177","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1823177/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42232187","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42232187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in pharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13223129","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13223129/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Pharmacol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9cd4da5363904a92a4b1bbd22b27f16d","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9cd4da5363904a92a4b1bbd22b27f16d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1823177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1823177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1823177","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1823177/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7161588024.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7161588024.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1242826776","https://openalex.org/W1852587300","https://openalex.org/W1981601118","https://openalex.org/W1984903118","https://openalex.org/W2038738168","https://openalex.org/W2056758002","https://openalex.org/W2064486922","https://openalex.org/W2071591702","https://openalex.org/W2102394650","https://openalex.org/W2140901931","https://openalex.org/W2145587240","https://openalex.org/W2328168123","https://openalex.org/W2339018675","https://openalex.org/W2412911135","https://openalex.org/W2524779398","https://openalex.org/W2525309745","https://openalex.org/W2543514482","https://openalex.org/W2558083079","https://openalex.org/W2588479549","https://openalex.org/W2613178023","https://openalex.org/W2799588218","https://openalex.org/W2890340690","https://openalex.org/W2899913108","https://openalex.org/W2934927297","https://openalex.org/W3095341446","https://openalex.org/W3127645683","https://openalex.org/W3134364103","https://openalex.org/W3158338045","https://openalex.org/W3210645845","https://openalex.org/W4283073120","https://openalex.org/W4319061801","https://openalex.org/W4319216492","https://openalex.org/W4321238244","https://openalex.org/W4401358641","https://openalex.org/W4405675946","https://openalex.org/W4406877179","https://openalex.org/W4414382587"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2080650270","https://openalex.org/W2064486922","https://openalex.org/W2934927297","https://openalex.org/W4414382587","https://openalex.org/W3095341446","https://openalex.org/W2588479549","https://openalex.org/W2997581046","https://openalex.org/W4319216492","https://openalex.org/W1852587300","https://openalex.org/W4319061801"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"N-Cyclohexyl":[1,66,135,158],"butylone":[2,56,67,96,136,189,247],"and":[3,15,23,57,68,102,112,123,151],"N-cyclohexyl":[4,55,58,69,95,103,188,205,228,238,246],"methylone":[5,59,70,104,159,206],"are":[6,18],"cathinones":[7],"found":[8],"on":[9,41],"the":[10,42,140,200,216,234,241,251,254],"street":[11],"that":[12,44,118,127,171,184],"produce":[13,191],"morbidity":[14],"mortality,":[16],"but":[17,215],"not":[19],"yet":[20],"legally":[21],"controlled,":[22],"there":[24],"has":[25],"been":[26],"little":[27],"or":[28,86,166],"no":[29],"pharmacological":[30,48],"testing":[31],"of":[32,54,115,128,144,204,237,245,253],"these":[33],"compounds.":[34],"Both":[35,94,174],"compounds":[36,175],"have":[37,231,249],"a":[38,209],"large":[39,255],"moiety":[40,229],"N-position":[43,256],"may":[45,190,207,218,230,248],"alter":[46],"their":[47],"effects.":[49,226],"Methods":[50],"Locomotor":[51],"stimulant":[52],"effects":[53,143,193,203],"were":[60,71],"tested":[61,72],"in":[62,73],"male":[63,74],"Swiss-Webster":[64],"mice.":[65],"Sprague-Dawley":[75],"rats":[76],"trained":[77],"to":[78,161,169,177,182,195,223,233],"discriminate":[79],"methamphetamine":[80,129,145,167],"(1":[81],"mg/kg),":[82],"cocaine":[83,152,165],"(10":[84],"mg/kg)":[85,90,101,109,150],"3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine":[87],"(MDMA,":[88],"1.5":[89],"from":[91],"saline.":[92],"Results":[93],"(ED":[97,105,130,146,153],"50":[98,106,131,147,154],"=":[99,107,132,148,155],"2.80":[100],"33.46":[108],"produced":[110,172],"dose-":[111],"time-dependent":[113],"stimulation":[114],"locomotor":[116],"activity":[117],"was":[119],"both":[120],"less":[121,124],"potent":[122],"efficacious":[125],"than":[126],"0.35":[133],"mg/kg).":[134,157],"fully":[137,162],"substituted":[138],"for":[139,164,179,212],"discriminative":[141],"stimulus":[142],"9.85":[149],"14.54":[156],"failed":[160,176],"substitute":[163,178],"up":[168,181],"doses":[170,183],"convulsions.":[173],"MDMA":[180],"suppressed":[185],"responding.":[186],"Conclusion":[187],"psychostimulant-like":[192,202],"adequate":[194],"motivate":[196],"illicit":[197,213],"use,":[198,214],"whereas":[199],"weak":[201],"suggest":[208],"reduced":[210,235],"liability":[211],"compound":[217],"be":[219],"more":[220],"dangerous":[221],"due":[222],"its":[224],"convulsant":[225],"The":[227],"contributed":[232],"efficacy":[236],"methylone,":[239],"while":[240],"longer":[242],"alpha-side":[243],"chain":[244],"countered":[250],"effect":[252],"moiety.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-05-19T00:00:00"}
