{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160877221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15103631","title":"Angiopoietin-like Proteins 4 and 8 in Diabetic Complications: Associations with Neuropathy and Metabolic Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes","display_name":"Angiopoietin-like Proteins 4 and 8 in Diabetic Complications: Associations with Neuropathy and Metabolic Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160877221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15103631","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42194593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcm15103631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15103631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15103631","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/10/3631/pdf?version=1778748264","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737969411","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","issn_l":"2077-0383","issn":["2077-0383"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/10/3631/pdf?version=1778748264","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098770944","display_name":"Yuliyan Naydenov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3295-8163","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3295-8163"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30147112","display_name":"Medical University of Sofia","ror":"https://ror.org/01n9zy652","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30147112"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuliyan Naydenov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3295-8163","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30147112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008656328","display_name":"Vera Karamfilova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9712-2298","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9712-2298"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30147112","display_name":"Medical University of Sofia","ror":"https://ror.org/01n9zy652","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30147112"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vera Karamfilova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30147112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110187961","display_name":"Diana Nikolova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2730-0475","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2730-0475"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30147112","display_name":"Medical University of Sofia","ror":"https://ror.org/01n9zy652","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30147112"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diana Nikolova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2730-0475","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30147112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133526024","display_name":"Savelia Yordanova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3684-9570","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3684-9570"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30147112","display_name":"Medical University of Sofia","ror":"https://ror.org/01n9zy652","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30147112"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Savelia Yordanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3684-9570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30147112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064708847","display_name":"Zdravko Asenov Kamenov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-9449","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-9449"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30147112","display_name":"Medical University of Sofia","ror":"https://ror.org/01n9zy652","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30147112"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zdravko Kamenov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-9449","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30147112"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090372604","display_name":"Julieta Hristova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9915-3282","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9915-3282"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30147112","display_name":"Medical University of Sofia","ror":"https://ror.org/01n9zy652","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30147112"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julieta Hristova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9915-3282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30147112"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065750018","display_name":"Antoaneta Gateva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8030-4498","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8030-4498"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30147112","display_name":"Medical University of Sofia","ror":"https://ror.org/01n9zy652","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30147112"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Antoaneta Trifonova Gateva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8030-4498","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30147112"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065750018"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30147112"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31668729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"10","first_page":"3631","last_page":"3631"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.4717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.4717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10528","display_name":"Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases","score":0.12449999898672104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.1005999967455864,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angptl4","display_name":"ANGPTL4","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angptl8","display_name":"ANGPTL8","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-complications","display_name":"diabetes complications","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral-neuropathy","display_name":"peripheral neuropathy","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-autonomic-neuropathy","display_name":"cardiac autonomic neuropathy","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarkers","display_name":"biomarkers","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-protein-levels","display_name":"serum protein levels","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-metabolism","display_name":"lipid metabolism","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-parameters","display_name":"metabolic parameters","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-glutamyl-transferase","display_name":"gamma-glutamyl transferase","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"heart rate variability","score":0.8289999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9690999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6794000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.54830002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.545799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5067999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779901536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q945238","display_name":"Peripheral neuropathy","level":3,"score":0.43689998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.43230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555175668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q539690","display_name":"Angiology","level":2,"score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779178840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2046550","display_name":"Diabetic neuropathy","level":3,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.3614000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77305985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18040028","display_name":"ANGPTL4","level":3,"score":0.35030001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146304588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961652","display_name":"Case-control study","level":2,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777480322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18554095","display_name":"Autonomic neuropathy","level":4,"score":0.3154999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113280763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2326546","display_name":"Subclinical infection","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71635504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"Heart rate variability","level":4,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909882984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777473","display_name":"Helsinki declaration","level":4,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68122502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764527","display_name":"Informed consent","level":3,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcm15103631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15103631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15103631","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/10/3631/pdf?version=1778748264","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737969411","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","issn_l":"2077-0383","issn":["2077-0383"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42194593","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42194593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of clinical medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13207342","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42194593/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Clin Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcm15103631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15103631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15103631","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/10/3631/pdf?version=1778748264","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737969411","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","issn_l":"2077-0383","issn":["2077-0383"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6895551681518555}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311005","display_name":"Medical University Sofia","ror":"https://ror.org/01n9zy652"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7160877221.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7160877221.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984637736","https://openalex.org/W2001321585","https://openalex.org/W2008962463","https://openalex.org/W2010717076","https://openalex.org/W2011232769","https://openalex.org/W2113384757","https://openalex.org/W2138969187","https://openalex.org/W2143104968","https://openalex.org/W2323589075","https://openalex.org/W2331756138","https://openalex.org/W2793799023","https://openalex.org/W2903061263","https://openalex.org/W2914362161","https://openalex.org/W2950223462","https://openalex.org/W2980349756","https://openalex.org/W3012695764","https://openalex.org/W3033700020","https://openalex.org/W3091295894","https://openalex.org/W3108843571","https://openalex.org/W3169223627","https://openalex.org/W3186677384","https://openalex.org/W3187052158","https://openalex.org/W3196416074","https://openalex.org/W3211803164","https://openalex.org/W3213028317","https://openalex.org/W4296123999","https://openalex.org/W4319334163","https://openalex.org/W4378953750","https://openalex.org/W4380154042","https://openalex.org/W4385142416","https://openalex.org/W4388653355","https://openalex.org/W4394912770","https://openalex.org/W4401245556","https://openalex.org/W4406253993","https://openalex.org/W4410383778","https://openalex.org/W4412152252","https://openalex.org/W4415687959","https://openalex.org/W4417121382","https://openalex.org/W4417523995","https://openalex.org/W7155944512"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background/Objectives:":[0],"Angiopoietin-like":[1],"proteins":[2],"4":[3],"and":[4,7,15,31,43,52,58,63,79,91,120,143,159,165,176,182,266,283],"8":[5],"(ANGPTL4":[6],"ANGPTL8)":[8],"are":[9],"key":[10],"regulators":[11],"of":[12,25,41,83,97,112,124,134,156,218,274],"lipid":[13],"metabolism":[14],"inflammatory":[16],"processes,":[17],"with":[18,50,61,100,109,151,169,193,215,260],"a":[19,70,208,277],"potential":[20,278,295],"role":[21,273],"in":[22,45,86,107,191,244,280,285],"the":[23,77,94,110,128,248,272],"pathogenesis":[24],"type":[26],"2":[27],"diabetes":[28],"mellitus":[29],"(T2DM)":[30],"its":[32],"complications.":[33],"This":[34,68],"monocentric":[35],"observational":[36,73],"study":[37,74],"evaluated":[38],"serum":[39,157],"levels":[40,161,187],"ANGPTL4":[42,158,186,256,275],"ANGPTL8":[44,160,229,288],"160":[46,89],"participants":[47,90],"(93":[48],"patients":[49,192],"T2DM":[51,194,219],"67":[53],"controls":[54],"without":[55],"carbohydrate":[56],"disturbances)":[57],"their":[59],"associations":[60],"peripheral":[62,125],"cardiac":[64,135,235],"autonomic":[65,136,236],"neuropathy.":[66],"Methods:":[67],"is":[69],"monocentric,":[71],"cross-sectional,":[72],"conducted":[75],"at":[76],"Endocrinology":[78],"Metabolic":[80],"Disorders":[81],"Clinic":[82],"Alexandrovska":[84],"Hospital":[85],"Sofia,":[87],"involving":[88],"approved":[92],"by":[93,162],"Ethics":[95],"Committee":[96],"Medical":[98],"University\u2013Sofia,":[99],"all":[101],"subjects":[102],"providing":[103],"written":[104],"informed":[105],"consent":[106],"accordance":[108],"Declaration":[111],"Helsinki.":[113],"The":[114,269],"main":[115],"methods":[116],"included":[117],"detailed":[118],"clinical":[119],"anthropometric":[121],"assessments,":[122],"diagnosis":[123],"neuropathy":[126,137,237],"via":[127],"Neuropathy":[129],"Disability":[130],"Score":[131],"(NDS),":[132],"evaluation":[133],"using":[138,174],"heart":[139],"rate":[140],"variability":[141],"analysis":[142,167],"Ewing":[144],"cardiovascular":[145],"reflex":[146],"tests,":[147,178],"comprehensive":[148],"laboratory":[149],"investigations":[150],"fasting":[152],"blood":[153],"samples,":[154],"measurement":[155],"ELISA":[163],"kits,":[164],"statistical":[166],"performed":[168],"IBM":[170],"SPSS":[171],"version":[172],"25,":[173],"parametric":[175],"non-parametric":[177],"correlations,":[179],"logistic":[180],"regression,":[181],"ROC":[183],"curves.":[184],"Results:":[185],"were":[188],"significantly":[189],"lower":[190,216],"(12.6":[195],"\u00b1":[196,201],"23.1":[197],"ng/mL":[198],"vs.":[199],"21.5":[200],"29.3":[202],"ng/mL;":[203],"p":[204,226,241],"=":[205,224,227,239,242],"0.033).":[206],"In":[207],"multivariate":[209],"model,":[210],"higher":[211],"values":[212],"remained":[213],"associated":[214],"odds":[217],"(OR":[220],"per":[221],"1":[222],"SD":[223],"0.634;":[225],"0.0424).":[228],"demonstrated":[230],"moderate":[231],"discriminatory":[232],"ability":[233],"for":[234,294],"(AUC":[238],"0.678;":[240],"0.007)":[243],"unadjusted":[245],"analysis,":[246],"but":[247],"association":[249],"did":[250],"not":[251],"persist":[252],"after":[253,292],"covariate":[254],"adjustment.":[255],"showed":[257],"inverse":[258],"correlations":[259],"body":[261],"weight,":[262],"basal":[263],"metabolic":[264,281],"rate,":[265],"GGT.":[267],"Conclusions:":[268],"results":[270],"support":[271],"as":[276],"biomarker":[279],"disturbances":[282],"complications":[284],"T2DM,":[286],"while":[287],"remains":[289],"mainly":[290],"insignificant":[291],"correction":[293],"confounding":[296],"factors.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2026-05-12T00:00:00"}