{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160641069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0220250314","title":"Lithologic Controls on the 2020 Mw 5.1 Sparta, North Carolina (USA), Earthquake Illuminated by a Gravity Investigation of the Little River Fault and Epicentral Zone","display_name":"Lithologic Controls on the 2020 Mw 5.1 Sparta, North Carolina (USA), Earthquake Illuminated by a Gravity Investigation of the Little River Fault and Epicentral Zone","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160641069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0220250314"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1785/0220250314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0220250314","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0220250314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183957208","display_name":"Seismological Research Letters","issn_l":"0895-0695","issn":["0895-0695","1938-2057"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316854","host_organization_name":"Seismological Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316854"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Seismological Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seismological Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017162076","display_name":"Will Levandowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4903-5012","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4903-5012"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Will Levandowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Tetra Tech, Inc., Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4903-5012","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Tetra Tech, Inc., Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017162076"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30518041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"97","issue":"4","first_page":"2722","last_page":"2734"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10110","display_name":"earthquake and tectonic studies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10110","display_name":"earthquake and tectonic studies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13177","display_name":"Geological and Geophysical Studies","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coseismic-slip","display_name":"coseismic slip","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amphibolite","display_name":"amphibolite","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-segmentation","display_name":"fault segmentation","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strain-partitioning","display_name":"strain partitioning","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coseismic-surface-rupture","display_name":"coseismic surface rupture","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-zone-architecture","display_name":"fault zone structure","score":0.46700000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.9276999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122792734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6538759","display_name":"Lithology","level":2,"score":0.8952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.7896999716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84786313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2737176","display_name":"Intraplate earthquake","level":3,"score":0.7677000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6467000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137527640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570309","display_name":"Bedrock","level":2,"score":0.633400022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195268267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928883","display_name":"Slip (aerodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96342900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413914","display_name":"Gravity anomaly","level":3,"score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26001220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089248","display_name":"Active fault","level":3,"score":0.4106999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77928131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193343","display_name":"Tectonics","level":2,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26687426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47069","display_name":"Metamorphic rock","level":2,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993396000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Normal fault","level":3,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7251660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334823","display_name":"Structural geology","level":2,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82586738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193842","display_name":"Geologic map","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79675319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535575","display_name":"Geophysical imaging","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53942344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951651","display_name":"Fold (higher-order function)","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185339796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5265562","display_name":"Detachment fault","level":4,"score":0.25679999589920044}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1785/0220250314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0220250314","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0220250314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183957208","display_name":"Seismological Research Letters","issn_l":"0895-0695","issn":["0895-0695","1938-2057"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316854","host_organization_name":"Seismological Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316854"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Seismological Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seismological Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.41744473576545715,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1898486804","https://openalex.org/W1979311219","https://openalex.org/W1983992782","https://openalex.org/W2001820253","https://openalex.org/W2025841258","https://openalex.org/W2029344859","https://openalex.org/W2106072630","https://openalex.org/W2889385399","https://openalex.org/W4210389494","https://openalex.org/W4386616030","https://openalex.org/W4387623336","https://openalex.org/W4394569490","https://openalex.org/W4396214780","https://openalex.org/W4417040287","https://openalex.org/W6893309526","https://openalex.org/W6929665040"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,112,158,179],"2020":[2],"Mw":[3,199],"5.1":[4,200],"Sparta,":[5],"North":[6],"Carolina":[7],"(United":[8],"States),":[9],"mainshock":[10],"remains":[11],"the":[12,16,28,35,41,61,64,132,136,147,156,163,168,175,193,198,206,218],"largest":[13],"earthquake":[14,208],"in":[15,40,63,67,131,155,227,241],"central":[17],"and":[18,80,86,170,196,251],"eastern":[19,42],"United":[20,43],"States":[21],"since":[22],"2011.":[23],"Shallow":[24],"sinistral-reverse":[25],"slip":[26,153],"on":[27],"east-southeast-striking":[29],"Little":[30],"River":[31],"fault":[32,243,252],"(LRF)":[33],"caused":[34],"first":[36],"observed":[37],"surface":[38,62,159],"rupture":[39,160,249],"States,":[44],"providing":[45],"a":[46,100,185],"unique":[47,110],"opportunity":[48],"to":[49,76,96,167,239,247],"study":[50],"an":[51],"active":[52],"intraplate":[53],"fault.":[54],"Crystalline":[55],"bedrock":[56],"is":[57,182],"at":[58,90,108],"or":[59],"near":[60,149],"epicentral":[65],"region;":[66],"such":[68],"situations,":[69],"geophysical":[70],"imaging":[71],"can":[72,235],"supplement":[73],"geologic":[74],"mapping":[75],"constrain":[77],"subsurface":[78],"geology":[79],"illuminate":[81],"connections":[82],"between":[83],"fault-zone":[84],"structure":[85],"seismogenesis.":[87],"To":[88],"image":[89],"scales":[91],"ranging":[92],"from":[93,146],"\u223c2":[94],"km":[95,122],"tens":[97],"of":[98,139],"meters,":[99],"microGal-precision":[101],"relative":[102],"gravity":[103,180],"survey":[104],"collected":[105],"722":[106],"readings":[107],"631":[109],"locations.":[111],"LRF":[113,144,194],"footwall":[114,212],"comprises":[115],"east-northeast-trending,":[116],"alternating":[117],"\u00b11":[118],"mGal":[119],"anomalies":[120],"0.5\u20131":[121],"wide.":[123],"Gravity":[124],"highs":[125],"align":[126],"with":[127],"mapped":[128],"amphibolite":[129],"bands":[130],"Ashe":[133],"Metamorphic":[134],"Suite,":[135],"most":[137],"prominent":[138],"which":[140],"intersects\u2014and":[141],"obliquely":[142],"underthrusts\u2014the":[143],"up-dip":[145],"hypocenter,":[148],"where":[150,231],"peak":[151],"coseismic":[152],"occurred":[154],"subsurface.":[157],"propagated":[161],"through":[162],"flanking":[164],"low-density":[165],"material":[166],"east":[169],"west":[171],"but":[172],"arrested":[173],"against":[174],"next":[176],"high-gravity":[177],"zones.":[178],"high":[181],"interpreted":[183],"as":[184],"comparatively":[186],"strong":[187,237,245],"lithology":[188,213],"that":[189,205],"resists":[190],"underthrusting,":[191],"locking":[192],"interseismically":[195],"nucleating":[197],"mainshock.":[201],"This":[202,221],"interpretation":[203],"suggests":[204],"Sparta":[207],"may":[209,223],"exemplify":[210],"how":[211],"influences":[214],"strain":[215],"partitioning":[216],"across":[217],"seismic":[219],"cycle.":[220],"effect":[222],"be":[224,236],"especially":[225],"important":[226],"low-strain-rate":[228],"continental":[229],"interiors,":[230],"old,":[232],"cold":[233],"rocks":[234],"compared":[238],"those":[240],"plate-boundary":[242],"zones\u2014perhaps":[244],"enough":[246],"shape":[248],"patterns":[250],"segmentation.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2026-05-09T00:00:00"}