{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160486993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70297","title":"In\u2010Field Validity and Inter\u2010Unit Variability of Metabolic Carts During Simulated Exercise","display_name":"In\u2010Field Validity and Inter\u2010Unit Variability of Metabolic Carts During Simulated Exercise","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160486993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70297","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42093119"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/sms.70297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199863227","display_name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports","issn_l":"0905-7188","issn":["0905-7188","1600-0838"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; Science in Sports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70297","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013488708","display_name":"Bas Van Hooren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-693X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-693X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bas Van Hooren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-693X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045973827","display_name":"Tjeu Souren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2423-9296","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2423-9296"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tjeu Souren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Consultant  Utrecht the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2423-9296","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Consultant  Utrecht the Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055244026","display_name":"Bart Chateau Bongers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1948-9788","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1948-9788"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bart C. Bongers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands","Department of Surgery Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1948-9788","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University  Maastricht the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013488708"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"apc_list":{"value":4550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4550},"apc_paid":{"value":4550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4550},"fwci":19.8839,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99046938,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"5","first_page":"e70297","last_page":"e70297"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11209","display_name":"Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11209","display_name":"Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12930","display_name":"Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11314","display_name":"Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-cart","display_name":"metabolic cart","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiopulmonary-exercise-testing","display_name":"cardiopulmonary exercise testing","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-accuracy","display_name":"measurement accuracy","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-consumption","display_name":"oxygen consumption","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emissions","display_name":"CO2 emissions","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-exchange-ratio","display_name":"respiratory exchange ratio","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minute-ventilation","display_name":"minute ventilation","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/device-calibration","display_name":"device calibration","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintenance-practices","display_name":"maintenance practices","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-error","display_name":"measurement error","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-errors","display_name":"user errors","score":0.5189999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.4839000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988147884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377024","display_name":"Energy expenditure","level":2,"score":0.44530001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991809073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240673","display_name":"Metabolic cost","level":2,"score":0.37720000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.36480000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020255362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747883","display_name":"Physical activity","level":2,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19619285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Observational error","level":2,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986317502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570714","display_name":"Energy metabolism","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018396334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6592648","display_name":"Activity monitor","level":3,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113098757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5300177","display_name":"Doubly labeled water","level":3,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992768293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623293","display_name":"Metabolic rate","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181588539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219067","display_name":"Physical exercise","level":2,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002245","descriptor_name":"Carbon Dioxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002245","descriptor_name":"Carbon Dioxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002245","descriptor_name":"Carbon Dioxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002245","descriptor_name":"Carbon Dioxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002245","descriptor_name":"Carbon Dioxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005080","descriptor_name":"Exercise Test","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005080","descriptor_name":"Exercise Test","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005080","descriptor_name":"Exercise Test","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005080","descriptor_name":"Exercise Test","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005080","descriptor_name":"Exercise Test","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005080","descriptor_name":"Exercise Test","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005080","descriptor_name":"Exercise Test","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005080","descriptor_name":"Exercise Test","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005080","descriptor_name":"Exercise Test","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005080","descriptor_name":"Exercise Test","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005080","descriptor_name":"Exercise Test","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005080","descriptor_name":"Exercise Test","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010101","descriptor_name":"Oxygen Consumption","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010101","descriptor_name":"Oxygen Consumption","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010101","descriptor_name":"Oxygen Consumption","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010101","descriptor_name":"Oxygen Consumption","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010101","descriptor_name":"Oxygen Consumption","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011659","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Gas Exchange","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011659","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Gas Exchange","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011659","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Gas Exchange","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011659","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Gas Exchange","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011659","descriptor_name":"Pulmonary Gas Exchange","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/sms.70297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199863227","display_name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports","issn_l":"0905-7188","issn":["0905-7188","1600-0838"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; Science in Sports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42093119","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42093119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:openaire/4e510c0c-a404-4077-8ca7-77621ae56472","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/4e510c0c-a404-4077-8ca7-77621ae56472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Van Hooren, B, Souren, T & Bongers, B C 2026, 'In-Field Validity and Inter-Unit Variability of Metabolic Carts During Simulated Exercise', Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, vol. 36, no. 5, e70297. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70297","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13150039","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42093119/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scand J Med Sci Sports","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/sms.70297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.70297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199863227","display_name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports","issn_l":"0905-7188","issn":["0905-7188","1600-0838"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; Science in Sports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965577195","https://openalex.org/W1974174011","https://openalex.org/W2005188365","https://openalex.org/W2009550073","https://openalex.org/W2019149960","https://openalex.org/W2027534642","https://openalex.org/W2033914564","https://openalex.org/W2044765816","https://openalex.org/W2047243875","https://openalex.org/W2055728620","https://openalex.org/W2065464327","https://openalex.org/W2073822363","https://openalex.org/W2076406139","https://openalex.org/W2092716973","https://openalex.org/W2147375204","https://openalex.org/W2153329617","https://openalex.org/W2155933934","https://openalex.org/W2160016413","https://openalex.org/W2162425728","https://openalex.org/W2170598611","https://openalex.org/W2177694972","https://openalex.org/W2256034484","https://openalex.org/W2271113382","https://openalex.org/W2306260663","https://openalex.org/W2489870518","https://openalex.org/W2555189237","https://openalex.org/W2562509757","https://openalex.org/W2780767678","https://openalex.org/W2887527909","https://openalex.org/W2907554230","https://openalex.org/W2971629420","https://openalex.org/W2981067716","https://openalex.org/W2990426732","https://openalex.org/W3094089433","https://openalex.org/W3095825231","https://openalex.org/W3159315571","https://openalex.org/W3166564045","https://openalex.org/W3173850147","https://openalex.org/W3211266550","https://openalex.org/W4200172782","https://openalex.org/W4200305498","https://openalex.org/W4210988823","https://openalex.org/W4229008572","https://openalex.org/W4281486836","https://openalex.org/W4386624010","https://openalex.org/W4391972783","https://openalex.org/W4392454804","https://openalex.org/W4407001895","https://openalex.org/W4408658487","https://openalex.org/W4411709686","https://openalex.org/W7125588479","https://openalex.org/W7133878482","https://openalex.org/W7134126645"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"The":[1,90,189],"present":[2],"study":[3],"had":[4],"three":[5],"main":[6],"objectives:":[7],"(a)":[8],"to":[9,32,44,117,121,134,158,242,259],"evaluate":[10,122],"the":[11,34,46,49,52,57,118,123,129,235,253],"in\u2010field":[12],"validity":[13,190],"of":[14,51,191,213],"different":[15],"commercially":[16],"available":[17],"cardiopulmonary":[18],"exercise":[19],"testing":[20],"(CPET)":[21],"systems":[22,215],"when":[23,223],"used":[24],"by":[25,70,93],"end\u2010users":[26,71],"following":[27],"typical":[28],"calibration":[29,208],"procedures,":[30],"(b)":[31],"measure":[33],"variability":[35,153,212],"in":[36,72],"accuracy":[37,180],"among":[38],"identical":[39,203],"CPET":[40,65],"units,":[41,53],"and":[42,60,68,110,148,169,179,187],"(c)":[43],"explore":[45],"relationship":[47,175],"between":[48,176,184,202],"age":[50,178],"as":[54,56,227],"well":[55],"maintenance":[58,186],"practices,":[59],"their":[61],"measurement":[62,231],"accuracy.":[63,124,188],"Fifty\u2010seven":[64],"systems,":[66,204],"calibrated":[67],"operated":[69],"clinical":[73],"practice,":[74],"research,":[75],"or":[76],"sports":[77],"settings,":[78],"were":[79,115,249],"assessed":[80],"against":[81],"a":[82,256],"metabolic":[83,192],"simulator":[84],"that":[85],"simulates":[86],"breath\u2010by\u2010breath":[87],"gas":[88,197],"exchange.":[89],"values":[91,120],"measured":[92],"each":[94],"system":[95,177],"[minute":[96],"ventilation":[97],"(V\u0307E),":[98],"oxygen":[99],"uptake":[100],"(V\u0307O":[101],"2":[102,108,141,146,162,167],"),":[103,109],"carbon":[104],"dioxide":[105],"production":[106],"(V\u0307CO":[107],"respiratory":[111,196],"exchange":[112],"ratio":[113],"(RER)]":[114],"compared":[116],"simulated":[119],"Absolute":[125],"percentage":[126],"errors":[127,248],"during":[128],"simulations":[130],"ranged":[131,155],"from":[132,156],"1.41%":[133],"24.6%":[135],"for":[136,139,144,150,160,165,171,194,255],"V\u0307E,":[137],"3.29%\u201310.6%":[138],"V\u0307O":[140,161],",":[142,147,163,168],"2.86%\u201313.3%":[143],"V\u0307CO":[145,166],"1.90%\u201310.0%":[149],"RER.":[151,172],"Inter\u2010unit":[152],"(%)":[154],"1.98%":[157],"12.7%":[159],"1.49%\u20138.10%":[164],"1.93%\u20134.24%":[170],"No":[173],"consistent":[174],"was":[181],"observed,":[182],"nor":[183],"annual":[185],"carts":[193],"measuring":[195],"variables":[198],"varied":[199],"significantly":[200],"even":[201,233],"despite":[205],"passing":[206],"manufacturers'":[207],"checks.":[209],"Furthermore,":[210],"inter\u2010unit":[211],"most":[214],"exceeded":[216],"intra\u2010unit":[217],"test\u2010retest":[218],"variability,":[219],"thus":[220],"necessitating":[221],"caution":[222],"using":[224],"devices":[225],"interchangeably,":[226],"this":[228],"may":[229],"increase":[230],"noise,":[232],"within":[234],"same":[236],"laboratory.":[237],"Most":[238],"inaccuracies":[239],"seemed":[240],"related":[241],"technological":[243],"errors,":[244],"although":[245],"some":[246],"user":[247],"also":[250],"identified,":[251],"indicating":[252],"need":[254],"holistic":[257],"approach":[258],"identify":[260],"errors.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2026-05-08T00:00:00"}
