{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160142002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aehr.70032","title":"Public virtue, private ambition: Women owners of private hospitals in early twentieth\u2010century New Zealand","display_name":"Public virtue, private ambition: Women owners of private hospitals in early twentieth\u2010century New Zealand","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160142002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aehr.70032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/aehr.70032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aehr.70032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aehr.70032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108455820","display_name":"Asia\u2010Pacific Economic History Review","issn_l":"0004-8992","issn":["0004-8992","1467-8446","2832-157X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asia\u2010Pacific Economic History Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aehr.70032","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135251009","display_name":"Ann\u2010Marie Quinn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8812-4973","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8812-4973"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39854758","display_name":"Auckland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zvqw119","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51158804","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ann\u2010Marie Quinn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auckland University of Technology  Auckland New Zealand","Massey University  Palmerston North New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8812-4973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auckland University of Technology  Auckland New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massey University  Palmerston North New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51158804"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5135251009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39854758","https://openalex.org/I51158804"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28065883,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"2","first_page":"239","last_page":"255"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.34380000829696655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.34380000829696655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.323199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13332","display_name":"Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes","score":0.19189999997615814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-hospitals","display_name":"private hospitals","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nurses","display_name":"nurses","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/midwives","display_name":"midwives","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-regulation","display_name":"health care regulation","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-licensing","display_name":"hospital licensing","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-entrepreneurs","display_name":"women entrepreneurs","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-virtue","display_name":"public virtue","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-20th-century","display_name":"early 20th century","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-economic-history","display_name":"women's economic history","score":0.38999998569488525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.7792999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6435999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5133000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4878999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986740045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health services","level":3,"score":0.4154999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.4068000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121426985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763","display_name":"Private sector","level":2,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992833379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589009","display_name":"Private enterprise","level":2,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992394448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246234","display_name":"Private practice","level":2,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780110086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161837","display_name":"Public service","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/aehr.70032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aehr.70032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aehr.70032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108455820","display_name":"Asia\u2010Pacific Economic History Review","issn_l":"0004-8992","issn":["0004-8992","1467-8446","2832-157X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asia\u2010Pacific Economic History Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openrepository.aut.ac.nz:10292/21264","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10292/21264","pdf_url":"https://openrepository.aut.ac.nz/bitstreams/bd5922f0-a622-47fa-b001-34c0c457554f/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401809","display_name":"Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39854758","host_organization_name":"Auckland University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/aehr.70032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aehr.70032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aehr.70032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108455820","display_name":"Asia\u2010Pacific Economic History Review","issn_l":"0004-8992","issn":["0004-8992","1467-8446","2832-157X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asia\u2010Pacific Economic History Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7777471542358398,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320816","display_name":"Massey University","ror":"https://ror.org/052czxv31"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W320961466","https://openalex.org/W1999291674","https://openalex.org/W2799970943","https://openalex.org/W3081044616","https://openalex.org/W3114035012","https://openalex.org/W4386471486"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"New":[1],"Zealand's":[2],"early\u2010twentieth\u2010century":[3],"health":[4],"service":[5],"was":[6,37],"a":[7,40],"two\u2010tier":[8],"system":[9],"of":[10,18,92],"state":[11],"hospitals":[12,54],"supported":[13],"by":[14,26,39],"an":[15],"expanding":[16],"network":[17],"over":[19],"300":[20],"private":[21,53],"hospitals,":[22],"almost":[23],"exclusively":[24],"owned":[25],"nurses":[27,93],"and":[28,46,51,59,97],"midwives.":[29],"This":[30],"article":[31],"will":[32],"show":[33],"that":[34],"this":[35],"environment":[36],"created":[38],"legislative":[41],"framework":[42],"introduced":[43],"between":[44],"1901":[45],"1906,":[47],"requiring":[48],"nurses,":[49],"midwives,":[50],"their":[52,86],"to":[55,85,99],"be":[56],"registered,":[57],"licensed,":[58],"monitored.":[60],"Stringent":[61],"regulation":[62],"could":[63],"have":[64],"stifled":[65],"the":[66],"industry.":[67],"Instead,":[68],"it":[69],"provided":[70],"fertile":[71],"ground":[72],"on":[73],"which":[74],"many":[75],"women":[76],"flourished":[77],"as":[78,95],"enterprising":[79],"businesswomen":[80],"who":[81],"made":[82],"significant":[83],"contributions":[84],"communities,":[87],"breaking":[88],"with":[89],"traditional":[90],"notions":[91],"solely":[94],"carers":[96],"handmaidens":[98],"doctors.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-09T07:26:56.047234","created_date":"2026-05-05T00:00:00"}