{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160117331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.05.03.26352308","title":"Functional Severity Determines Return to Sport After Ankle Sprain in Young Athletes","display_name":"Functional Severity Determines Return to Sport After Ankle Sprain in Young Athletes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160117331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.05.03.26352308"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.05.03.26352308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.05.03.26352308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.05.03.26352308","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/05/04/2026.05.03.26352308.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/05/04/2026.05.03.26352308.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071639624","display_name":"Shinsuke Sakoda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8541-1088","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8541-1088"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284592","display_name":"Ashiya Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03v590867","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405284592"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shinsuke Sakoda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ashiya Central Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan","Department of Sports Medicine, Ashiya Central Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8541-1088","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ashiya Central Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284592"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sports Medicine, Ashiya Central Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284592"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126028066","display_name":"Kouichi Kajiwara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6125-7350","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6125-7350"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284592","display_name":"Ashiya Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03v590867","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405284592"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kouichi Kajiwara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sports Medicine, Ashiya Central Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6125-7350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sports Medicine, Ashiya Central Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284592"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125615680","display_name":"Arata Yoshida","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284592","display_name":"Ashiya Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03v590867","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405284592"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arata Yoshida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sports Medicine, Ashiya Central Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sports Medicine, Ashiya Central Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284592"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069099325","display_name":"Kimiaki Kawano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3656-3193","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3656-3193"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284592","display_name":"Ashiya Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03v590867","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405284592"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kimiaki Kawano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ashiya Central Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ashiya Central Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284592"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071639624"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284592"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10455","display_name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10455","display_name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11246","display_name":"Sports injuries and prevention","score":0.010400000028312206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankle-sprain","display_name":"ankle sprain","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-to-sport","display_name":"return to sport","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-severity","display_name":"functional severity","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-athletes","display_name":"youth athletes","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism-of-injury","display_name":"injury mechanisms","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age","display_name":"age","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-disability","display_name":"functional disability","score":0.5040000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9031000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.6647999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.6155999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.6085000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5978999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.5425000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992312574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306275","display_name":"Ankle sprain","level":3,"score":0.5056999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778640784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168002","display_name":"Ankle","level":2,"score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.42260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30036603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125150","display_name":"Severity of illness","level":2,"score":0.3617999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170964787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7611170","display_name":"Stepwise regression","level":2,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146304588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961652","display_name":"Case-control study","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43893838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840545","display_name":"Sports medicine","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.05.03.26352308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.05.03.26352308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.05.03.26352308","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/05/04/2026.05.03.26352308.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.05.03.26352308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.05.03.26352308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.05.03.26352308","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/05/04/2026.05.03.26352308.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9789000153541565}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7160117331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7160117331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999047795","https://openalex.org/W2026527781","https://openalex.org/W2164135867","https://openalex.org/W2406070554","https://openalex.org/W2805438216","https://openalex.org/W2999056630","https://openalex.org/W3137079313"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164135867","https://openalex.org/W4389656859","https://openalex.org/W2897139802","https://openalex.org/W7160619274","https://openalex.org/W1983649399","https://openalex.org/W2262149536","https://openalex.org/W2080152859","https://openalex.org/W2485206126","https://openalex.org/W4403823214","https://openalex.org/W2000865073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Objectives":[1],"To":[2],"determine":[3],"whether":[4],"early":[5],"functional":[6,144,152,215,245],"severity":[7,57,145,153,216],"at":[8,58,217],"presentation":[9,59,218],"explains":[10],"variability":[11],"in":[12,20,134,228],"return":[13,94],"to":[14,69,93,106,234],"sport":[15],"(RTS)":[16],"after":[17,76,211,225],"ankle":[18,41,226],"sprain":[19,25,227,235],"young":[21,229],"athletes,":[22],"compared":[23],"with":[24,39,111,142,157,209],"subtype":[26,201,236],"and":[27,73,95,130,183,202,237],"injury":[28,203,238],"mechanism.":[29],"Design":[30],"Retrospective":[31],"cohort":[32],"study.":[33],"Methods":[34],"Athletes":[35],"aged":[36],"\u226422":[37],"years":[38],"acute":[40],"sprains":[42],"were":[43,54,80,120,205],"identified":[44],"from":[45],"a":[46],"prospectively":[47],"maintained":[48],"institutional":[49],"database.":[50],"Surgically":[51],"treated":[52],"cases":[53,119],"excluded.":[55],"Functional":[56],"was":[60,89,104,124,154,185],"classified":[61],"into":[62],"three":[63],"grades":[64],"based":[65],"on":[66],"the":[67,220],"ability":[68],"continue":[70],"sports":[71],"participation":[72],"ambulate":[74],"immediately":[75],"injury.":[77],"Injury":[78],"mechanisms":[79],"categorized":[81],"as":[82,91,96],"high-energy":[83],"deceleration":[84],"(HED)":[85],"or":[86],"non-HED.":[87],"RTS":[88,98,123,132,138,159,210,224],"analyzed":[90],"time":[92],"prolonged":[97,112,131,158],"(\u22654":[99],"weeks).":[100],"Multivariable":[101],"logistic":[102],"regression":[103],"performed":[105],"identify":[107],"factors":[108],"independently":[109,187,207],"associated":[110,156,188,208],"RTS.":[113],"Results":[114],"A":[115],"total":[116],"of":[117,136,223],"437":[118],"included.":[121],"Median":[122],"2.0":[125],"weeks":[126],"(interquartile":[127],"range,":[128],"0.0\u20134.0),":[129],"occurred":[133],"33.0%":[135],"cases.":[137],"duration":[139],"increased":[140],"stepwise":[141],"greater":[143],"(p":[146],"<":[147,181,198],"0.001).":[148,199],"In":[149],"multivariable":[150],"analysis,":[151],"strongly":[155],"(Grade":[160],"2:":[161],"adjusted":[162,174],"odds":[163],"ratio":[164],"[OR],":[165],"3.58;":[166],"95%":[167,177,194],"confidence":[168],"interval":[169],"[CI],":[170],"2.07\u20136.19;":[171],"Grade":[172],"3:":[173],"OR,":[175,190],"24.53;":[176],"CI,":[178,195],"10.67\u201356.43;":[179],"p":[180,197],"0.001),":[182],"age":[184],"also":[186],"(adjusted":[189],"1.19":[191],"per":[192],"year;":[193],"1.11\u20131.27;":[196],"Sprain":[200],"mechanism":[204,239],"not":[206],"adjustment.":[212],"Conclusions":[213],"Early":[214],"is":[219],"primary":[221],"determinant":[222],"athletes.":[230],"Apparent":[231],"differences":[232],"related":[233],"are":[240],"largely":[241],"explained":[242],"by":[243],"initial":[244],"impairment.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-05-05T00:00:00"}
