{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160054626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.00406","title":"Bell Correlations and Selection Bias","display_name":"Bell Correlations and Selection Bias","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160054626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.00406"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2605.00406","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00406","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.00406","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.00406","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102646403","display_name":"Huw Price","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Price, Huw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity College , Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity College , Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102646403"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bell-correlations","display_name":"Bell correlations","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection-bias","display_name":"selection bias","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-selection","display_name":"pre-selection","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-nonlocality","display_name":"quantum nonlocality","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realism","display_name":"realism","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-variables","display_name":"hidden variables","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bell-inequalities","display_name":"Bell inequalities","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-particle-entanglement","display_name":"two-particle entanglement","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-selection","display_name":"sample selection","score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-relativity","display_name":"relativity","score":0.6330000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.6151000261306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128108043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q388525","display_name":"Bell's theorem","level":4,"score":0.47620001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198377831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269027","display_name":"Quantum correlation","level":5,"score":0.44769999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4350999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149324446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43514","display_name":"Theory of relativity","level":2,"score":0.33180001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137002209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898521","display_name":"Hidden variable theory","level":3,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40423286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284172","display_name":"Selection bias","level":2,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2605.00406","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00406","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.00406","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:29428","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/29428/1/NewSelectionPaper.pdf","pdf_url":"https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/29428/1/NewSelectionPaper.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401282","display_name":"PhilSci-Archive (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:30685","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/id/eprint/30685/3/2605.00406v2.pdf","pdf_url":"https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/id/eprint/30685/3/2605.00406v2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401282","display_name":"PhilSci-Archive (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.00406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.00406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.00406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2605.00406","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00406","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.00406","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7160054626.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7160054626.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578781026","https://openalex.org/W2586478583","https://openalex.org/W2738262913","https://openalex.org/W3127405061","https://openalex.org/W3196401947","https://openalex.org/W4246517281","https://openalex.org/W4417486098","https://openalex.org/W6966297971","https://openalex.org/W7130680982"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386942749","https://openalex.org/W4417486098","https://openalex.org/W7130680982","https://openalex.org/W1975632260","https://openalex.org/W2280443338","https://openalex.org/W7099637164","https://openalex.org/W3110994490","https://openalex.org/W2082420839","https://openalex.org/W57637850","https://openalex.org/W1847833321"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Methods":[0],"of":[1,38,64,104,137],"selecting":[2],"samples":[3],"from":[4],"larger":[5],"populations":[6],"may":[7],"produce":[8],"bias,":[9],"in":[10,18,28,52,80,115,149,163],"either":[11],"direction:":[12],"inducing":[13],"correlations":[14,24,50,111],"between":[15,25],"variables":[16,26],"independent":[17,103],"the":[19,29,62,75,88,95,127,135,138],"full":[20,30],"population,":[21],"or":[22],"masking":[23],"dependent":[27],"population.":[31],"Here":[32],"we":[33],"propose":[34,107],"a":[35,131],"surprising":[36],"application":[37],"these":[39],"familiar":[40,147],"ideas.":[41],"We":[42,106],"argue":[43],"that":[44,74,87,97,109,159],"they":[45],"are":[46,112],"relevant":[47,128],"to":[48,92,155],"puzzling":[49],"uncovered":[51],"quantum":[53,76],"theory":[54],"by":[55,134],"John":[56],"Stewart":[57],"Bell":[58,125],"(Bell":[59],"1964).":[60],"In":[61,122],"light":[63],"Bell's":[65,110],"work":[66],"and":[67],"subsequent":[68],"experiments":[69,126],"it":[70,152,160],"is":[71,78,91,99,130,146,161],"widely":[72],"believed":[73],"world":[77,102],"'nonlocal',":[79],"apparent":[81],"tension":[82,116],"with":[83,118],"relativity.":[84],"Many":[85],"hold":[86],"only":[89],"alternative":[90],"abandon":[93],"'realism',":[94],"view":[96],"there":[98],"an":[100],"objective":[101],"measurement.":[105],"instead":[108],"selection":[113,129,142],"artefacts,":[114],"neither":[117],"relativity":[119],"nor":[120],"realism.":[121],"standard":[123],"two-particle":[124],"preselection,":[132],"achieved":[133],"preparation":[136],"initial":[139],"state.":[140],"Again,":[141],"bias":[143],"via":[144],"preselection":[145],"elsewhere":[148],"science,":[150],"but":[151],"doesn't":[153],"seem":[154],"have":[156],"been":[157],"noticed":[158],"applicable":[162],"this":[164],"case.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-05-05T00:00:00"}