{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160050673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra05868j","title":"The microstructures of promoted RANEY\u00ae nickel alloys and catalysts","display_name":"The microstructures of promoted RANEY\u00ae nickel alloys and catalysts","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160050673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra05868j","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42985609","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13733667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1039/d6ra05868j","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra05868j","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra05868j","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2481244646","display_name":"RSC Advances","issn_l":"2046-2069","issn":["2046-2069"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RSC Advances","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra05868j","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007779946","display_name":"Thomas A. Manz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-9864","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-9864"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas A. Manz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-9864","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074482405","display_name":"Seqwana Nichole Thomas Pryor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316910977","display_name":"DuPont (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03g3m1w62","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316910977"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seqwana T. Pryor","raw_affiliation_strings":["DuPont, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA","School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DuPont, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316910977"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060549292","display_name":"Kevin P. Trumble","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7664-9576","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7664-9576"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin P. Trumble","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134719730","display_name":"Zhufang Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhufang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012612743","display_name":"David R. Gaskell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David R. Gaskell","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135150465","display_name":"Dave Roberts","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dave Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110154580","display_name":"Carl H. Hager","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carle Hager","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electron Microscopy Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electron Microscopy Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102026126","display_name":"Sourav K. Sengupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8570-4717","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8570-4717"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316910977","display_name":"DuPont (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03g3m1w62","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316910977"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sourav K. Sengupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["DuPont, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DuPont, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316910977"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006578243","display_name":"Theodore A. Koch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316910977","display_name":"DuPont (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03g3m1w62","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316910977"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodore A. Koch","raw_affiliation_strings":["DuPont, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DuPont, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316910977"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010630640","display_name":"W. Nicholas Delgass","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-5085","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-5085"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Nicholas Delgass","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-5085","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007779946"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":{"value":850,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1042},"apc_paid":{"value":850,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1042},"fwci":1.595,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80783993,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12240","display_name":"Nanomaterials for catalytic reactions","score":0.850600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12240","display_name":"Nanomaterials for catalytic reactions","score":0.850600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10811","display_name":"Hydrogen Storage and Materials","score":0.07540000230073929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10495","display_name":"Catalysts for Methane Reforming","score":0.009800000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raney-nickel-catalyst","display_name":"Raney nickel catalyst","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nickel-based-alloys","display_name":"nickel-based alloys","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstructure","display_name":"microstructure","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogenation-catalysts","display_name":"hydrogenation catalysts","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supported-metal-catalysts","display_name":"supported metal catalysts","score":0.7300000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6288999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.6223000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.6011000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.5414000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504270822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744","display_name":"Nickel","level":2,"score":0.527899980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3961000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986668306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908630","display_name":"Nickel alloy","level":3,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43411465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2997621","display_name":"Bimetallic strip","level":3,"score":0.2215999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2152000069618225}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1039/d6ra05868j","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra05868j","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra05868j","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2481244646","display_name":"RSC Advances","issn_l":"2046-2069","issn":["2046-2069"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RSC Advances","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.15002672/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15002672/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15002672/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918830","display_name":"ChemRxiv","issn_l":"2573-2293","issn":["2573-2293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13733667","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13733667/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13733667/pdf/RA-OLF-D6RA05868J.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RSC Adv","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42985609","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42985609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RSC advances","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1039/d6ra05868j","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra05868j","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra05868j","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2481244646","display_name":"RSC Advances","issn_l":"2046-2069","issn":["2046-2069"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RSC Advances","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307794","display_name":"DuPont","ror":"https://ror.org/03g3m1w62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7160050673.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7160050673.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":117,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130985046","https://openalex.org/W258031614","https://openalex.org/W1532767232","https://openalex.org/W1558735289","https://openalex.org/W1591477466","https://openalex.org/W1597130338","https://openalex.org/W1648755243","https://openalex.org/W1695656262","https://openalex.org/W1749789372","https://openalex.org/W1943462996","https://openalex.org/W1965193657","https://openalex.org/W1966977696","https://openalex.org/W1967373420","https://openalex.org/W1969408630","https://openalex.org/W1971815344","https://openalex.org/W1973497080","https://openalex.org/W1973821351","https://openalex.org/W1974775577","https://openalex.org/W1975124847","https://openalex.org/W1976832971","https://openalex.org/W1977202797","https://openalex.org/W1980824864","https://openalex.org/W1984077151","https://openalex.org/W1986557981","https://openalex.org/W1987124757","https://openalex.org/W1987563795","https://openalex.org/W1988266383","https://openalex.org/W1988619801","https://openalex.org/W1989832235","https://openalex.org/W1990554622","https://openalex.org/W1990641615","https://openalex.org/W1992985800","https://openalex.org/W1996919378","https://openalex.org/W1999022295","https://openalex.org/W2004594222","https://openalex.org/W2009403418","https://openalex.org/W2009942991","https://openalex.org/W2011254969","https://openalex.org/W2012094392","https://openalex.org/W2012131902","https://openalex.org/W2015214015","https://openalex.org/W2015771503","https://openalex.org/W2021229549","https://openalex.org/W2025079597","https://openalex.org/W2028056984","https://openalex.org/W2029546065","https://openalex.org/W2033216502","https://openalex.org/W2033557682","https://openalex.org/W2038375676","https://openalex.org/W2038856341","https://openalex.org/W2044382752","https://openalex.org/W2044833096","https://openalex.org/W2048675032","https://openalex.org/W2052558259","https://openalex.org/W2052847609","https://openalex.org/W2053057654","https://openalex.org/W2056044914","https://openalex.org/W2057170641","https://openalex.org/W2058072928","https://openalex.org/W2058120123","https://openalex.org/W2064282356","https://openalex.org/W2066568104","https://openalex.org/W2067930735","https://openalex.org/W2068250612","https://openalex.org/W2068278901","https://openalex.org/W2068511047","https://openalex.org/W2069013276","https://openalex.org/W2070028304","https://openalex.org/W2072706349","https://openalex.org/W2074403100","https://openalex.org/W2076602549","https://openalex.org/W2079270617","https://openalex.org/W2080917990","https://openalex.org/W2081914350","https://openalex.org/W2082367901","https://openalex.org/W2083061134","https://openalex.org/W2088613487","https://openalex.org/W2090059773","https://openalex.org/W2090565803","https://openalex.org/W2093199508","https://openalex.org/W2142687306","https://openalex.org/W2144119943","https://openalex.org/W2145160734","https://openalex.org/W2154707979","https://openalex.org/W2164894579","https://openalex.org/W2304710921","https://openalex.org/W2312199777","https://openalex.org/W2316054717","https://openalex.org/W2319597828","https://openalex.org/W2328363199","https://openalex.org/W2621315018","https://openalex.org/W2792680698","https://openalex.org/W2889527092","https://openalex.org/W2899017064","https://openalex.org/W2910440757","https://openalex.org/W2920154129","https://openalex.org/W2995392029","https://openalex.org/W3049066833","https://openalex.org/W3113038499","https://openalex.org/W3163116149","https://openalex.org/W3187811951","https://openalex.org/W3216244210","https://openalex.org/W4212878391","https://openalex.org/W4229721462","https://openalex.org/W4235189616","https://openalex.org/W4236288680","https://openalex.org/W4236502100","https://openalex.org/W4240779810","https://openalex.org/W4241847891","https://openalex.org/W4249543561","https://openalex.org/W4287831343","https://openalex.org/W4389224192","https://openalex.org/W4404333419","https://openalex.org/W4412008160","https://openalex.org/W7124470319","https://openalex.org/W7143960436","https://openalex.org/W7160060279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965193657","https://openalex.org/W2083061134","https://openalex.org/W2144119943","https://openalex.org/W2792680698","https://openalex.org/W1994497138","https://openalex.org/W258031614","https://openalex.org/W2148272050","https://openalex.org/W2910440757","https://openalex.org/W6983391807","https://openalex.org/W2154707979"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,156],"study":[1],"measured":[2],"various":[3],"effects":[4],"of":[5,13,31,37,51,81,177,203,209,237,296],"iron":[6],"and":[7,17,22,40,45,48,67,72,101,107,122,263,276,292,301,326,330,375],"chromium":[8,358],"promotion":[9],"on":[10,119,200,370],"the":[11,77,98,112,123,146,178,201,251,272,288,327,350,362,371],"microstructures":[12],"Raney(r)":[14],"nickel":[15,137],"alloys":[16,21,54,138,257],"catalysts.":[18],"The":[19,105,256],"following":[20],"catalysts":[23,273],"were":[24,55,258,274,305,333],"studied:":[25],"(i)":[26],"unpromoted,":[27],"(ii)":[28],"multiple":[29,35],"levels":[30,36],"Fe":[32,44,106,152,186,234,246,253],"promotion,":[33,39],"(iii)":[34],"Cr":[38,108,213,244,344],"(iv)":[41],"doubly-promoted":[42,254],"with":[43,140],"Cr.":[46],"Microstructures":[47],"phase":[49,124,131,172,195,208],"compositions":[50,329],"some":[52,135,315],"initial":[53],"characterized":[56],"using":[57,322,335],"backscattered":[58],"scanning":[59],"electron":[60,63,73],"microscopy":[61],"(SEM),":[62],"microprobe,":[64],"optical":[65],"microscopy,":[66],"x-ray":[68,336],"diffraction.":[69],"Backscattered":[70],"SEM":[71],"microprobe":[74],"analysis":[75],"showed":[76,342],"microstructure":[78],"is":[79,345],"composed":[80],"several":[82],"phases:":[83],"Al":[84,89,182,211,240],"3":[85,90],"Ni":[86,150,184,215,242],"2":[87,142],",":[88],"Ni,":[91],"promoter-rich":[92,113],"phase(s)":[93],"(which":[94],"are":[95],"absent":[96],"in":[97,111,115,134,175,225,229,250,265],"unpromoted":[99],"alloy),":[100],"a":[102,158,261,355],"eutectic":[103],"phase.":[104],"promoters":[109],"concentrate":[110],"phases":[114],"these":[116],"alloys.":[117,255],"Based":[118],"XRD":[120],"pattern":[121],"diagram,":[125],"we":[126],"have":[127],"assigned":[128],"\u2018Fe":[129,170],"promoter":[130,171,222,235],"1\u2019,":[132],"present":[133,174,249],"Raney":[136],"promoted":[139,180,227],"\u2265":[141],"wt.%":[143],"Fe,":[144],"as":[145],"decagonite":[147,162],"(Al":[148],"71":[149],"24":[151],"5":[153],")":[154],"quasicrystal.":[155],"was":[157,163,190,248,284,320],"major":[159],"finding,":[160],"because":[161],"previously":[164],"thought":[165],"to":[166,192,286,307,347,353,378],"be":[167],"rare.":[168],"Also,":[169],"2\u2019,":[173],"all":[176],"Fe-only":[179],"alloys,":[181],"9":[183],"(2-y)":[185],"y":[187,189],"(where":[188],"0.37":[191],"0.77)":[193],"crystalline":[194],"has":[196,217],"been":[197,218],"proposed,":[198],"based":[199],"findings":[202],"this":[204,230],"study.":[205,231],"A":[206,232],"phi":[207],"composition":[210,239,319],"77.5":[212],"12":[214],"10.5":[216],"proposed":[219],"for":[220],"\u2018Cr":[221],"phase\u2019":[223,236],"(present":[224],"Cr-only":[226],"alloys)":[228],"\u2018Cr,":[233],"approximate":[238],"75.5":[241],"13-14":[243],"6-7":[245],"4":[247],"Cr,":[252],"crushed":[259],"into":[260],"powder":[262],"leached":[264],"aqueous":[266],"sodium":[267],"hydroxide":[268],"solution.":[269],"After":[270],"leaching,":[271],"washed":[275],"subsequently":[277],"characterized.":[278],"Nitrogen":[279],"adsorption":[280,304],"at":[281],"77":[282],"K":[283],"performed":[285,306],"extract":[287],"total":[289,363],"surface":[290,312,328,364,373],"area":[291,365],"pore":[293,380],"size":[294],"distribution":[295],"each":[297,309],"catalyst.":[298],"Carbon":[299],"monoxide":[300],"hydrogen":[302],"gas":[303],"measure":[308],"catalyst\u2019s":[310],"metallic":[311,372],"area.":[313],"For":[314],"catalysts,":[316],"bulk":[317],"elemental":[318],"quantified":[321],"atomic":[323],"absorption":[324],"spectroscopy,":[325],"oxidation":[331],"states":[332],"studied":[334],"photoelectron":[337],"spectroscopy":[338],"(XPS).":[339],"XPS":[340],"results":[341],"that":[343,360],"oxidized":[346],"Cr(+III)":[348],"during":[349],"leaching":[351],"procedure":[352],"form":[354],"compound":[356],"(likely":[357],"hydroxide)":[359],"increases":[361],"(while":[366],"having":[367],"negligible":[368],"effect":[369],"area)":[374],"also":[376],"leads":[377],"smaller":[379],"diameters.":[381]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-05-05T00:00:00"}
