{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7158018477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26092737","title":"Post-Quantum Entropy as a Service for Embedded Systems","display_name":"Post-Quantum Entropy as a Service for Embedded Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7158018477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26092737","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42122460","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13165991"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s26092737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26092737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26092737","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/26/9/2737/pdf?version=1777386409","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/26/9/2737/pdf?version=1777386409","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093725954","display_name":"Javier Blanco-Romero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0635-953X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0635-953X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Blanco-Romero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0635-953X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128832660","display_name":"Yuri Melissa Garcia-Ni\u00f1o","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115684694","display_name":"Universidad Industrial de Santander","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc1d948","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115684694"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["CO","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuri Melissa Garcia-Ni\u00f1o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain","Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115684694"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127955960","display_name":"Florina Almenares Mendoza","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florina Almenares Mendoza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5232-2031","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042030511","display_name":"Daniel D\u00edaz-S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3323-6453","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3323-6453"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel D\u00edaz-S\u00e1nchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3323-6453","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089344826","display_name":"Carlos Garc\u00eda-Rubio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4635-722X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4635-722X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Garc\u00eda-Rubio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4635-722X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021832848","display_name":"Celeste Campo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1788-890X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1788-890X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Celeste Campo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1788-890X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042030511"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23524476,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"9","first_page":"2737","last_page":"2737"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.6592000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.6592000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.0843999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.07699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-quantum-cryptography","display_name":"post-quantum cryptography","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-random-number-generation","display_name":"quantum random number generation","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-systems","display_name":"embedded systems","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constrained-application-protocol","display_name":"CoAP","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esp32","display_name":"ESP32 microcontroller","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certificate-validation","display_name":"certificate validation","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zephyr-rtos","display_name":"Zephyr RTOS","score":0.6179999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7261999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197966572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915079","display_name":"Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm","level":5,"score":0.7067999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778000800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830043","display_name":"Handshake","level":3,"score":0.6270999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5166000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96865113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2946816","display_name":"Certificate","level":2,"score":0.508899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4864000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99674996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414155","display_name":"Key exchange","level":4,"score":0.47530001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.4424000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.4383000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.43059998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3862999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167615521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048911","display_name":"Elliptic curve cryptography","level":4,"score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.33309999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94284585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228184","display_name":"Random oracle","level":4,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86111242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859595","display_name":"Coprocessor","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110406131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41349","display_name":"Smart card","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s26092737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26092737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26092737","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/26/9/2737/pdf?version=1777386409","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42122460","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42122460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13165991","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42122460/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eaeeaeb373de45659ca614d2d6d5bc55","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eaeeaeb373de45659ca614d2d6d5bc55","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 26, Iss 9, p 2737 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s26092737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26092737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26092737","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/26/9/2737/pdf?version=1777386409","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1070304201","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TEC2024-COM504","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1333236036","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5696/2024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262748287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3681454997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4042783231","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G425668148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":".13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G464105488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5338730000","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TED2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G638709848","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TEC\u20102024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084143925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327970","display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Ciberseguridad","ror":"https://ror.org/00njptt83"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/003x0zc53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7158018477.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7158018477.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2234639732","https://openalex.org/W2548640435","https://openalex.org/W2784781042","https://openalex.org/W3007841246","https://openalex.org/W4401459825","https://openalex.org/W4416038715"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7203682895","https://openalex.org/W3091959406","https://openalex.org/W4415943650","https://openalex.org/W7214208633","https://openalex.org/W7099941317","https://openalex.org/W3031799863","https://openalex.org/W7169848196","https://openalex.org/W7167069583","https://openalex.org/W4413514007","https://openalex.org/W1968782180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Embedded":[0],"cryptography":[1],"stands":[2],"or":[3],"falls":[4],"on":[5,109,128],"entropy":[6,34,56,64,91],"quality,":[7],"yet":[8],"small":[9],"devices":[10],"have":[11],"few":[12],"trustworthy":[13],"sources":[14],"and":[15,62,87,195],"little":[16],"tolerance":[17],"for":[18,105,154,160],"heavyweight":[19],"protocols.":[20],"We":[21],"build":[22],"a":[23,27,36,58,89,121],"Quantum":[24],"Entropy":[25],"as":[26],"Service":[28],"(QEaaS)":[29],"system":[30,68],"that":[31,93,118],"moves":[32],"QRNG-derived":[33],"from":[35],"Quantis":[37],"device":[38],"to":[39,145],"ESP32-class":[40],"clients":[41],"over":[42],"post-quantum-secured":[43],"channels.":[44],"On":[45,70,189],"the":[46,49,66,71,84,95,143,163,205],"server":[47],"side,":[48,73],"design":[50],"exposes":[51],"two":[52],"paths:":[53],"direct":[54],"quantum":[55],"through":[57,65],"custom":[59],"OpenSSL":[60],"provider":[61],"mixed":[63],"Linux":[67],"pool.":[69],"client":[72],"we":[74],"extend":[75],"libcoap's":[76],"Zephyr":[77,97],"support,":[78],"integrate":[79],"wolfSSL-based":[80],"DTLS":[81,122],"1.3":[82,123],"into":[83],"CoAP":[85],"stack,":[86],"add":[88],"BLAKE2s":[90,181],"pool":[92,182],"preserves":[94],"standard":[96],"extraction":[98],"interface":[99],"while":[100],"introducing":[101],"an":[102],"injection":[103],"API":[104],"server-provided":[106],"entropy.":[107],"Benchmarks":[108],"ESP32":[110],"hardware,":[111],"targeting":[112],"100":[113],"iterations":[114],"per":[115],"configuration,":[116],"show":[117],"ML-KEM-512":[119,139],"completes":[120],"handshake":[124],"in":[125],"313":[126],"ms":[127,153,159,187],"average":[129],"without":[130],"certificate":[131],"verification,":[132],"35%":[133],"faster":[134,169,203],"than":[135,170,204],"ECDHE":[136,172],"P-256.":[137],"Pairing":[138],"with":[140,174],"ML-DSA-44":[141],"lowers":[142],"mean":[144],"225":[146],"ms.":[147],"Certificate":[148],"verification":[149],"adds":[150],"roughly":[151],"194":[152],"ECDSA":[155,175],"but":[156],"only":[157,199],"17":[158],"ML-DSA-44,":[161],"so":[162],"fully":[164],"post-quantum":[165,192],"configuration":[166],"remains":[167],"63%":[168],"classical":[171,206],"P-256":[173],"even":[176],"under":[177],"full":[178],"verification.":[179],"Local":[180],"operations":[183],"stay":[184],"below":[185],"0.1":[186],"combined.":[188],"this":[190],"platform,":[191],"key":[193],"exchange":[194],"authentication":[196],"are":[197,202],"not":[198],"feasible;":[200],"they":[201],"baseline.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-04-30T00:00:00"}