{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7157200529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.6c00028","title":"Process Optimization and Reaction Kinetic Study of Propylene Glycol Butyl Ether Synthesis from Propylene Oxide in a Microreactor","display_name":"Process Optimization and Reaction Kinetic Study of Propylene Glycol Butyl Ether Synthesis from Propylene Oxide in a Microreactor","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7157200529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.6c00028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.oprd.6c00028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.6c00028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.6c00028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107255770","display_name":"Organic Process Research & Development","issn_l":"1083-6160","issn":["1083-6160","1520-586X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Organic Process Research &amp; Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130617145","display_name":"Kai Ma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Safety Science and Engineering","Nanjing Tech University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Safety Science and Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Tech University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079830627","display_name":"Jianming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2738-9274","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2738-9274"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Safety Science and Engineering","Nanjing Tech University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Safety Science and Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Tech University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087197466","display_name":"Lei Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5941-6156","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5941-6156"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Safety Science and Engineering","Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control","Nanjing Tech University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5941-6156","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Safety Science and Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Tech University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134798766","display_name":"Zhiquan Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiquan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Safety Science and Engineering","Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control","Nanjing Tech University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Safety Science and Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Tech University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134794725","display_name":"Feng Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Safety Science and Engineering","Nanjing Tech University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Safety Science and Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Tech University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130583569","display_name":"Pengyu Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengyu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Safety Science and Engineering","Nanjing Tech University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Safety Science and Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Tech University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000659203","display_name":"Gang Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8060-4215","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8060-4215"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Safety Science and Engineering","Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control","Nanjing Tech University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8060-4215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Safety Science and Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Tech University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121247789","display_name":"Juncheng Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7018-2709","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7018-2709"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juncheng Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Safety Science and Engineering","Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control","Nanjing Tech University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7018-2709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Safety Science and Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Tech University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087197466","https://openalex.org/A5134798766"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22815322,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"5","first_page":"1290","last_page":"1300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11407","display_name":"Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11407","display_name":"Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12270","display_name":"Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Applications","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propylene-oxide","display_name":"propylene oxide","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-butanol","display_name":"n-butanol","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/etherification","display_name":"etherification","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microreactors","display_name":"microreactors","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-chemistry","display_name":"flow chemistry","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-intensification","display_name":"process intensification","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-optimization","display_name":"Bayesian optimization","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-processes","display_name":"Gaussian processes","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaction-kinetics","display_name":"reaction kinetics","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activation-energy","display_name":"activation energy","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-balance","display_name":"heat balance","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-rise","display_name":"temperature rise","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solvent-production","display_name":"solvent production","score":0.3050000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147831808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1431442","display_name":"Microreactor","level":3,"score":0.8474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777505466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727742","display_name":"Propylene oxide","level":5,"score":0.8356000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778551929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146339","display_name":"Polyvinyl alcohol","level":2,"score":0.7379000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6421999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115952470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332172","display_name":"Process optimization","level":2,"score":0.5209000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5101000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135889238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46276","display_name":"Kinetic energy","level":2,"score":0.4596000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4417000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780407432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103230","display_name":"Ether","level":2,"score":0.40720000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777983707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415979","display_name":"Propylene carbonate","level":4,"score":0.35260000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3285999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50690","display_name":"Oxide","level":2,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47502133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141634","display_name":"Batch reactor","level":3,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198134878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2667887","display_name":"Chemical reaction engineering","level":3,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65024703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373406","display_name":"Reaction mechanism","level":3,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991944050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36534","display_name":"Reaction conditions","level":3,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988729646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838129","display_name":"Process development","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.oprd.6c00028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.6c00028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.6c00028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107255770","display_name":"Organic Process Research & Development","issn_l":"1083-6160","issn":["1083-6160","1520-586X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Organic Process Research &amp; Development","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1237278679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52334006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2215270315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52274209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7527128109","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52304229","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8747416412","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KYCX24_1539","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335769","funder_display_name":"Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335769","display_name":"Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W156843094","https://openalex.org/W281184941","https://openalex.org/W1967710285","https://openalex.org/W1998321859","https://openalex.org/W2042166210","https://openalex.org/W2060764474","https://openalex.org/W2073273253","https://openalex.org/W2090699093","https://openalex.org/W2143079733","https://openalex.org/W2606400899","https://openalex.org/W2614308285","https://openalex.org/W2730932192","https://openalex.org/W2811443445","https://openalex.org/W3005472014","https://openalex.org/W3048396317","https://openalex.org/W3114030541","https://openalex.org/W3123774933","https://openalex.org/W3128474010","https://openalex.org/W4200573844","https://openalex.org/W4310422388","https://openalex.org/W4316497055","https://openalex.org/W4320035511","https://openalex.org/W4321611726","https://openalex.org/W4377101074","https://openalex.org/W4384080508","https://openalex.org/W4387461077","https://openalex.org/W4387672940","https://openalex.org/W4391260158","https://openalex.org/W4392918120","https://openalex.org/W4401284532","https://openalex.org/W4404058261","https://openalex.org/W4407260596","https://openalex.org/W4409493733","https://openalex.org/W4410707655","https://openalex.org/W4414446474","https://openalex.org/W4416202173"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Propylene":[0],"glycol":[1],"butyl":[2],"ether":[3],"(PNB)":[4],"is":[5],"an":[6,149],"important":[7],"environmentally":[8],"friendly":[9],"solvent":[10],"widely":[11],"used":[12],"in":[13,49,211],"coatings,":[14],"inks,":[15],"and":[16,32,56,80,107,114,118,235,245,258],"cleaning":[17],"agents.":[18],"Its":[19],"industrial":[20],"production":[21],"typically":[22],"relies":[23],"on":[24,65],"batch":[25],"processes":[26,67],"that":[27,123,137,216],"suffer":[28],"from":[29],"low":[30],"efficiency":[31],"safety":[33],"concerns.":[34],"This":[35,213],"study":[36],"proposes":[37],"a":[38,50,60,158,182,208,239],"continuous-flow":[39,247],"etherification":[40,225],"reaction":[41,74,90,139],"of":[42,88,129,152,185],"propylene":[43,146],"oxide":[44],"(PO)":[45],"with":[46,99,143,148,194,207],"n":[47],"-butanol":[48],"microreactor":[51],"to":[52,70,145,177,181],"achieve":[53],"process":[54],"intensification":[55],"improved":[57],"safety.":[58],"First,":[59],"Bayesian":[61,231],"optimization":[62],"method":[63],"based":[64],"Gaussian":[66],"was":[68,91,165],"employed":[69],"systematically":[71],"optimize":[72],"key":[73],"parameters,":[75],"including":[76],"temperature,":[77],"residence":[78],"time,":[79],"reactant":[81],"molar":[82],"ratio.":[83],"An":[84],"apparent":[85],"kinetic":[86,97,233],"model":[87,98],"the":[89,96,100,104,127,138,162,174,203],"further":[92],"established.":[93],"By":[94],"coupling":[95],"heat":[101,220],"balance":[102],"equation,":[103],"temperature":[105,163,183,204],"distribution":[106],"yield":[108,128],"variation":[109],"under":[110,124],"different":[111],"channel":[112,175],"dimensions":[113],"materials":[115,196],"were":[116],"simulated":[117],"predicted.":[119],"The":[120,227,249],"results":[121],"indicate":[122],"optimal":[125],"conditions,":[126],"PNB":[130],"can":[131],"reach":[132],"92.75%.":[133],"Kinetic":[134],"studies":[135],"showed":[136],"follows":[140],"first-order":[141],"kinetics":[142],"respect":[144],"oxide,":[147],"activation":[150],"energy":[151],"42.16":[153],"kJ\u00b7mol":[154],"\u20131":[155],".":[156],"In":[157],"1/8-in.":[159],"FEP":[160,193],"microchannel,":[161],"rise":[164,184],"only":[166],"1.0":[167],"\u00b0C,":[168,187],"confirming":[169],"near-isothermal":[170],"operation.":[171],"However,":[172],"increasing":[173],"diameter":[176],"1/2":[178],"in.":[179],"led":[180],"25.8":[186],"introducing":[188],"significant":[189],"thermal":[190,236],"risk.":[191],"Replacing":[192],"high-thermal-conductivity":[195],"such":[197],"as":[198],"stainless":[199],"steel":[200],"effectively":[201],"suppressed":[202],"rise,":[205],"though":[206],"slight":[209],"reduction":[210],"yield.":[212],"work":[214],"demonstrates":[215],"microreactors":[217],"offer":[218,252],"excellent":[219],"transfer":[221],"control":[222],"for":[223,242,255],"exothermic":[224],"reactions.":[226],"integrated":[228],"approach":[229],"combining":[230],"optimization,":[232],"modeling,":[234],"simulation":[237],"provides":[238],"useful":[240],"framework":[241],"developing":[243],"safe":[244],"efficient":[246],"processes.":[248],"findings":[250],"also":[251],"practical":[253],"guidance":[254],"reactor":[256],"design":[257],"scale-up.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2026-04-29T00:00:00"}
