{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155517841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2026.03.010","title":"Artificial light at night and vegetation response in grassland cities of inner Mongolia","display_name":"Artificial light at night and vegetation response in grassland cities of inner Mongolia","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155517841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2026.03.010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jum.2026.03.010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2026.03.010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2026.03.010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898527796","display_name":"Journal of Urban Management","issn_l":"2226-5856","issn":["2226-5856","2589-0360"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Urban Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7155517841"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2026.03.010","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134527090","display_name":"Yang Ding","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Human Settlement System and Low-Carbon Construction Technology, China","School of Architecture Inner Mongolia University of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Human Settlement System and Low-Carbon Construction Technology, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture Inner Mongolia University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049176938","display_name":"Xiaoming Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8405-7538","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8405-7538"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Human Settlement System and Low-Carbon Construction Technology, China","School of Architecture Inner Mongolia University of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Human Settlement System and Low-Carbon Construction Technology, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture Inner Mongolia University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114167426","display_name":"Yilin Shi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilin Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Human Settlement System and Low-Carbon Construction Technology, China","School of Architecture Inner Mongolia University of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Human Settlement System and Low-Carbon Construction Technology, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture Inner Mongolia University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122334086","display_name":"Diandian Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diandian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Human Settlement System and Low-Carbon Construction Technology, China","School of Architecture Inner Mongolia University of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Human Settlement System and Low-Carbon Construction Technology, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture Inner Mongolia University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuxuan Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Human Settlement System and Low-Carbon Construction Technology, China","School of Architecture Inner Mongolia University of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Human Settlement System and Low-Carbon Construction Technology, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture Inner Mongolia University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134536076","display_name":"Shuqiang Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuqiang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Human Settlement System and Low-Carbon Construction Technology, China","School of Architecture Inner Mongolia University of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Human Settlement System and Low-Carbon Construction Technology, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture Inner Mongolia University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134522526","display_name":"Jinyuan Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Human Settlement System and Low-Carbon Construction Technology, China","School of Architecture Inner Mongolia University of Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Human Settlement System and Low-Carbon Construction Technology, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture Inner Mongolia University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049176938"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1200},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1200},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"1709","last_page":"1725"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-light-at-night","display_name":"artificial light at night","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-pollution","display_name":"light pollution","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-response","display_name":"vegetation response","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"NDVI","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nighttime-lights","display_name":"nighttime lights","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-corridors","display_name":"transport corridors","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lighting-control","display_name":"lighting control","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inner-mongolia","display_name":"Inner Mongolia","score":0.8309999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775835988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006733","display_name":"Grassland","level":2,"score":0.8726000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.6863999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.6664000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017660400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41079","display_name":"Inner mongolia","level":3,"score":0.645799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.557200014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161421721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180644","display_name":"Light pollution","level":2,"score":0.36980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020368824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6546192","display_name":"Light intensity","level":2,"score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150436541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5467207","display_name":"Forb","level":3,"score":0.35510000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.34380000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185515318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22723","display_name":"Loess","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994424083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006733","display_name":"Grassland ecosystem","level":3,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776054349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18648871","display_name":"Vegetation classification","level":3,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173727882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153620","display_name":"Common spatial pattern","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019152653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186290","display_name":"Linear relationship","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jum.2026.03.010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2026.03.010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2026.03.010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898527796","display_name":"Journal of Urban Management","issn_l":"2226-5856","issn":["2226-5856","2589-0360"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Urban Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d0b6352a7b9d4b618f0d945279a0baa5","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d0b6352a7b9d4b618f0d945279a0baa5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Urban Management, Vol 15, Iss 4, Pp 1709-1725 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jum.2026.03.010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2026.03.010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2026.03.010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898527796","display_name":"Journal of Urban Management","issn_l":"2226-5856","issn":["2226-5856","2589-0360"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Urban Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9599999785423279,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"},{"score":0.8787999749183655,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"score":0.46149998903274536,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3224572246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022ZY0179","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321655","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3579060323","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RZ2500002391","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5124657240","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51908298","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8649879786","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RZ2500002691","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328958","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Inner Mongolia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321655","display_name":"Science and Technology Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/044vr6g03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328958","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Inner Mongolia","ror":"https://ror.org/02v4g3v80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534477342","https://openalex.org/W2001391324","https://openalex.org/W2042692910","https://openalex.org/W2080878752","https://openalex.org/W2113410727","https://openalex.org/W2127229335","https://openalex.org/W2150798249","https://openalex.org/W2170822019","https://openalex.org/W2173279358","https://openalex.org/W2270807640","https://openalex.org/W2304776354","https://openalex.org/W2417517957","https://openalex.org/W2612929901","https://openalex.org/W2649137640","https://openalex.org/W2765630225","https://openalex.org/W2789245956","https://openalex.org/W2899384503","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2941428873","https://openalex.org/W2994128586","https://openalex.org/W3033973892","https://openalex.org/W3122216854","https://openalex.org/W3135980571","https://openalex.org/W3157480904","https://openalex.org/W3162776906","https://openalex.org/W4223953409","https://openalex.org/W4282925697","https://openalex.org/W4309010217","https://openalex.org/W4311446889","https://openalex.org/W4317437771","https://openalex.org/W4319753778","https://openalex.org/W4380853827","https://openalex.org/W4381431044","https://openalex.org/W4388006711","https://openalex.org/W4388006755","https://openalex.org/W4396862054","https://openalex.org/W4401589724","https://openalex.org/W4402521902","https://openalex.org/W4403037243","https://openalex.org/W4404861393","https://openalex.org/W4406167667","https://openalex.org/W4407856133","https://openalex.org/W4408749870","https://openalex.org/W4410512648","https://openalex.org/W4411202983","https://openalex.org/W4411344742","https://openalex.org/W4411847525"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7196932507","https://openalex.org/W2607748019","https://openalex.org/W4285795909","https://openalex.org/W3108601648","https://openalex.org/W2008199782","https://openalex.org/W4409289666","https://openalex.org/W4390887121","https://openalex.org/W7167019504","https://openalex.org/W3186428327","https://openalex.org/W4289891073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0,213],"light":[1,214],"at":[2,20,215],"night":[3,216],"(ALAN)":[4,217],"is":[5,238],"an":[6],"emerging":[7],"environmental":[8],"stressor":[9],"in":[10,29,141,190,292],"grassland":[11,191,199,293],"cities,":[12],"yet":[13],"its":[14,89],"vegetation":[15,46],"impacts":[16],"remain":[17],"insufficiently":[18],"quantified":[19],"landscape":[21],"scales.":[22],"This":[23,277],"study":[24],"examined":[25],"four":[26,208],"representative":[27],"cities":[28],"Inner":[30,209],"Mongolia,":[31],"China\u2014Hailar,":[32],"Xilinhot,":[33],"Hohhot,":[34],"and":[35,49,66,76,88,104,116,124,144,156,186,245,257,265,273,288],"Bayannur\u2014using":[36],"VIIRS":[37,202],"VNP46A3":[38],"nighttime":[39],"lights":[40],"(NTL),":[41],"MODIS":[42,205],"MOD13A1":[43],"normalized":[44],"difference":[45],"index":[47],"(NDVI),":[48],"MCD12Q1":[50],"land-cover":[51],"data":[52],"from":[53],"2021":[54],"to":[55,83,98],"2023.":[56],"A":[57,194],"harmonized":[58],"monthly":[59,198],"500":[60,196],"m":[61,197],"grassland-pixel":[62],"dataset":[63,200],"was":[64,95,133],"constructed,":[65],"seasonal-trend":[67],"decomposition":[68],"using":[69],"LOESS":[70],"(STL),":[71],"ordinary":[72],"least":[73],"squares":[74],"(OLS),":[75],"geographically":[77],"weighted":[78],"regression":[79],"(GWR)":[80],"were":[81],"applied":[82],"characterize":[84],"the":[85,127,130,174],"NTL-NDVI":[86,131],"relationship":[87,132,237],"spatial":[90],"heterogeneity.":[91],"An":[92],"integrated":[93,278],"framework":[94,262,279],"then":[96],"developed":[97],"delineate":[99],"ecological":[100],"lighting":[101,188,290],"boundaries":[102],"(E-LB)":[103,256],"light-ecological":[105],"sensitivity":[106],"zones":[107],"(LESZ).":[108],"Results":[109],"showed":[110],"expanding":[111],"ALAN":[112,267],"exposure":[113],"across":[114,207],"grasslands":[115,143,219],"a":[117,179,241,246,281],"persistent":[118,221],"out-of-phase":[119],"seasonal":[120,243],"pattern":[121],"between":[122],"NTL":[123,203],"NDVI.":[125],"During":[126],"growing":[128],"season,":[129],"predominantly":[134],"negative,":[135],"with":[136,204,223],"stronger":[137],"local":[138],"associations":[139],"concentrated":[140],"peri-urban":[142,271],"along":[145,159],"transport":[146,274],"corridors.":[147,275],"E-LB/LESZ":[148,177],"mapping":[149],"identified":[150],"ring-like":[151,264],"spillover":[152],"around":[153],"built-up":[154],"areas":[155],"corridor-shaped":[157,266],"extensions":[158],"linear":[160],"infrastructure,":[161],"forming":[162],"high-sensitivity":[163],"belts":[164,272],"that":[165],"often":[166],"extended":[167],"beyond":[168],"administrative":[169],"boundaries.":[170],"These":[171],"findings":[172],"support":[173],"use":[175],"of":[176],"as":[178],"spatially":[180,247],"explicit":[181],"basis":[182],"for":[183,285],"dark-sky":[184,286],"conservation":[185,287],"differentiated":[187],"management":[189],"cities.":[192,211,294],"\u2022":[193,212,234,251,276],"novel":[195],"links":[201],"NDVI":[206],"Mongolian":[210],"over":[218],"shows":[220],"expansion,":[222],"overall":[224],"intensity":[225],"decreasing":[226],"Hohhot":[227],">":[228,230,232],"Bayannur":[229],"Xilinhot":[231],"Hailar.":[233],"The":[235],"NTL\u2013NDVI":[236],"characterized":[239],"by":[240],"stable":[242],"mismatch":[244],"heterogeneous":[248],"negative":[249],"correlation.":[250],"Our":[252],"Ecological":[253],"Lighting":[254],"Boundary":[255],"Light-Ecological":[258],"Sensitivity":[259],"Zone":[260],"(LESZ)":[261],"delineates":[263],"spillover,":[268],"pinpointing":[269],"high-risk":[270],"offers":[280],"dynamic,":[282],"operational":[283],"tool":[284],"targeted":[289],"governance":[291]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-04-25T00:00:00"}
