{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155486236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6633860","title":"PUBLIC AND CORPORATE EXPENDITURES IN R&D AND INNOVATIVE CAPACITIES: THE CASES OF GERMANY AND PORTUGAL","display_name":"PUBLIC AND CORPORATE EXPENDITURES IN R&D AND INNOVATIVE CAPACITIES: THE CASES OF GERMANY AND PORTUGAL","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155486236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6633860"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.6633860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6633860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6633860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6633860","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134565437","display_name":"Josimar Manuel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5333-4392","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5333-4392"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261374","display_name":"Universidade Mandume Ya Ndemufayo","ror":"https://ror.org/0573jvt10","country_code":"AO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["AO","PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Josimar Manuel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Mandume Ya Ndemufayo","Universidade Mandume Ya Ndemufayo, Lubango-Hu\u00edla, Lubango, Angola","Universidade de Coimbra","Universidade de Coimbra, Avenida Dias da Silva, 165, Coimbra, Coimbra 3001-454, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5333-4392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Mandume Ya Ndemufayo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Mandume Ya Ndemufayo, Lubango-Hu\u00edla, Lubango, Angola","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade de Coimbra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade de Coimbra, Avenida Dias da Silva, 165, Coimbra, Coimbra 3001-454, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5134565437"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261374","https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-d-investment","display_name":"R&D investment","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-research-funding","display_name":"government research funding","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-r-d","display_name":"business R&D","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovative-capacity","display_name":"innovative capacity","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-private-collaboration","display_name":"public-private collaboration","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-policy","display_name":"innovation policy","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-development","display_name":"experimental development","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basic-and-applied-research","display_name":"basic and applied research","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-production","display_name":"knowledge production","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germany","display_name":"Germany","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portugal","display_name":"Portugal","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-innovation-scoreboard","display_name":"European Innovation Scoreboard","score":0.9380000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.6654999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.6026999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5238999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.4544000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994282536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929688","display_name":"Public spending","level":3,"score":0.4115999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994464924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929688","display_name":"Public investment","level":3,"score":0.39070001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777234743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257739","display_name":"Public expenditure","level":3,"score":0.387800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019614810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Public funding","level":2,"score":0.38519999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162222271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92779871","display_name":"Public good","level":2,"score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31196326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257916","display_name":"Public institution","level":2,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187452473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2897903","display_name":"Goods and services","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121426985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763","display_name":"Private sector","level":2,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137996800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762702","display_name":"Technological change","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.6633860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6633860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6633860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.6633860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6633860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6633860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2741835489","https://openalex.org/W2960228816","https://openalex.org/W2230758574","https://openalex.org/W2938894986","https://openalex.org/W7001231269","https://openalex.org/W7024231989","https://openalex.org/W2001451487","https://openalex.org/W7138992561","https://openalex.org/W7111431777","https://openalex.org/W3175892538"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-04-25T00:00:00"}