{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155385772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjns.v14i2.89025","title":"The Story of Women in Neurosurgery in Bangladesh: Overcoming Barriers and Leading Change in a Male-Dominated Field","display_name":"The Story of Women in Neurosurgery in Bangladesh: Overcoming Barriers and Leading Change in a Male-Dominated Field","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155385772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjns.v14i2.89025"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3329/bjns.v14i2.89025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjns.v14i2.89025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjns.v14i2.89025","pdf_url":"https://banglajol.info/index.php/BJNS/article/download/89025/57846","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185364","display_name":"Bangladesh Journal of Neurosurgery","issn_l":"2411-6637","issn":["2411-6637","2664-7915"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bangladesh Journal of Neurosurgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://banglajol.info/index.php/BJNS/article/download/89025/57846","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102482787","display_name":"Nazmin Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6308-8498","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6308-8498"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088770","display_name":"Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/008971d44","country_code":"BD","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088770"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nazmin Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["MS, Assistant Professor & Associate Consultant, Department of Neurosurgery, Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute (A Centre for Cardiovascular, Neuroscience & Organ Transplant Units), Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh-1000"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MS, Assistant Professor & Associate Consultant, Department of Neurosurgery, Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute (A Centre for Cardiovascular, Neuroscience & Organ Transplant Units), Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh-1000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035557734","display_name":"Syeda Neyamot E Ferdousse","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121808","display_name":"National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs4wf90","country_code":"BD","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121808"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syeda Neyamot E Ferdousse","raw_affiliation_strings":["MS, Medical Officer, Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Agargaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MS, Medical Officer, Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Agargaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121808"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063535684","display_name":"Nwoshin Jahan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4577-8742","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4577-8742"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253741","display_name":"Combined Military Hospital Dhaka","ror":"https://ror.org/011fnkc96","country_code":"BD","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405253741"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nwoshin Jahan","raw_affiliation_strings":["MS, Major, Department of Neurosurgery, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MS, Major, Department of Neurosurgery, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024871977","display_name":"Mst Shamima Sultana","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600954","display_name":"Rangpur Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/053jqyp97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600954"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mst Shamima Sultana","raw_affiliation_strings":["MS, Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, Rangpur Medical College Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MS, Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, Rangpur Medical College Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027507922","display_name":"Samantha Afreen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253741","display_name":"Combined Military Hospital Dhaka","ror":"https://ror.org/011fnkc96","country_code":"BD","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405253741"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samantha Afreen","raw_affiliation_strings":["MS, Major, Department of Neurosurgery, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MS, Major, Department of Neurosurgery, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023590837","display_name":"Kanij Fatema Ishrat Zahan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96369009","display_name":"Dhaka Medical College and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0150ewf57","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96369009"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kanij Fatema Ishrat Zahan","raw_affiliation_strings":["MS, Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MS, Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96369009"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000594306","display_name":"Rezina Hamid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5254-1562","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5254-1562"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rezina Hamid","raw_affiliation_strings":["MS, Professor and Head of the Department of Neurosurgery, Bangladesh Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MS, Professor and Head of the Department of Neurosurgery, Bangladesh Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22038185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"100","last_page":"106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13735","display_name":"History of Medical Practice","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11731","display_name":"Global Health and Surgery","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-neurosurgery","display_name":"women in neurosurgery","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-barriers","display_name":"gender barriers","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-equity","display_name":"gender equity","score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mentoring","display_name":"mentoring","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/role-models","display_name":"role models","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-empowerment","display_name":"women's empowerment","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-paths","display_name":"career paths","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-medicine","display_name":"women in medicine","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bangladesh","display_name":"Bangladesh","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurosurgical-training","display_name":"neurosurgical training","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-fellowships","display_name":"international fellowships","score":0.453000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12770488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188449","display_name":"Neurosurgery","level":2,"score":0.7572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5311999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20555606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868575","display_name":"Empowerment","level":2,"score":0.435699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.424699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776535583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967647","display_name":"Mentorship","level":2,"score":0.4058000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909500400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144993","display_name":"Patient Empowerment","level":3,"score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.36719998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134215751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829080","display_name":"Professional association","level":2,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51067260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828812","display_name":"Professional development","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780052477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25101696","display_name":"Pediatric neurosurgery","level":3,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992477034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83042","display_name":"Clinical neurology","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3329/bjns.v14i2.89025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjns.v14i2.89025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjns.v14i2.89025","pdf_url":"https://banglajol.info/index.php/BJNS/article/download/89025/57846","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185364","display_name":"Bangladesh Journal of Neurosurgery","issn_l":"2411-6637","issn":["2411-6637","2664-7915"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bangladesh Journal of Neurosurgery","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3329/bjns.v14i2.89025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjns.v14i2.89025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bjns.v14i2.89025","pdf_url":"https://banglajol.info/index.php/BJNS/article/download/89025/57846","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185364","display_name":"Bangladesh Journal of Neurosurgery","issn_l":"2411-6637","issn":["2411-6637","2664-7915"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bangladesh Journal of Neurosurgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.9444000124931335,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"},{"score":0.5676000118255615,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.48510000109672546,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7155385772.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7155385772.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7214236729","https://openalex.org/W3213500280","https://openalex.org/W2991557429","https://openalex.org/W4392142327","https://openalex.org/W4295079607","https://openalex.org/W4394989756","https://openalex.org/W3131598390","https://openalex.org/W7138889084","https://openalex.org/W3201791888","https://openalex.org/W2966076505"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Neurosurgery":[1,281],"is":[2],"a":[3,172,178],"traditionally":[4],"male-dominated":[5],"field":[6],"due":[7],"to":[8,22,34,56,126,141],"various":[9,188],"factors":[10,138],"such":[11],"as":[12,144,171],"limited":[13],"mentorship,":[14],"lack":[15],"of":[16,38,84,154,160,177,212,218,229],"role":[17,147,268],"models,":[18],"and":[19,24,50,64,73,79,94,104,124,136,146,175,191,200,236,246,258,277],"challenges":[20,135],"related":[21],"childbearing":[23],"childcare,":[25],"which":[26],"have":[27,183,195,254,266],"reduced":[28],"women's":[29],"representation.":[30],"This":[31,75],"study":[32,77,109],"aims":[33],"analyze":[35],"career":[36],"trajectories":[37],"female":[39,86,219,250],"neurosurgeons":[40,87,251],"in":[41,66,90,121,149,187,197,232,252,275],"Bangladesh,":[42],"highlighting":[43],"their":[44,142],"achievements,":[45],"the":[46,51,81,134,150,239,271],"obstacles":[47],"they":[48,265],"overcame,":[49],"strategies":[52],"that":[53,139],"enabled":[54],"them":[55],"thrive.":[57],"Their":[58],"paths":[59],"will":[60],"promote":[61],"women\u2019s":[62],"empowerment":[63],"leadership":[65,118],"neurosurgery":[67,179,220],"thus":[68],"inspire":[69],"future":[70],"generations.":[71],"Materials":[72],"method:":[74],"descriptive":[76],"analyzed":[78],"documented":[80],"professional":[82,100],"journeys":[83],"seven":[85,193],"who":[88],"practiced":[89],"Bangladesh":[91,156,253,276],"between":[92],"2006":[93],"2025.":[95],"Data":[96],"were":[97],"compiled":[98],"from":[99],"biographies,":[101],"institutional":[102],"records,":[103],"neurosurgical":[105,127,189,214],"society":[106],"archives.":[107],"The":[108,129,216],"examined":[110],"key":[111],"milestones":[112],"including":[113],"academic":[114],"progression,":[115],"overseas":[116,185],"training,":[117],"roles,":[119],"participation":[120],"international":[122,198,213],"forums,":[123],"contributions":[125],"education.":[128],"analysis":[130],"focused":[131],"on":[132,209],"identifying":[133],"enabling":[137],"contributed":[140],"growth":[143],"mentors":[145],"models":[148,269],"field.":[151],"Result:":[152],"As":[153],"2025,":[155],"has":[157,222],"259":[158],"neurosurgeons,":[159],"whom":[161],"only":[162],"7":[163],"(2.7%)":[164],"are":[165],"women.":[166],"Among":[167],"them,":[168],"one":[169],"serves":[170],"full":[173],"professor":[174],"head":[176],"department.":[180],"Six":[181],"(85.7%)":[182],"completed":[184],"fellowships":[186],"subspecialties,":[190],"all":[192],"(100%)":[194],"participated":[196],"conferences":[199],"hands-on":[201],"surgical":[202],"workshops":[203],"abroad.":[204],"Three":[205],"(42.9%)":[206],"currently":[207],"serve":[208],"executive":[210],"committees":[211],"societies.":[215],"number":[217],"residents":[221],"shown":[223],"steady":[224],"growth,":[225],"reaching":[226],"37":[227],"out":[228],"265":[230],"(13.96%)":[231],"2025\u2014reflecting":[233],"increasing":[234],"interest":[235],"access":[237],"over":[238],"past":[240],"five":[241],"years.":[242],"Conclusion:":[243],"Despite":[244],"systemic":[245],"societal":[247],"barriers,":[248,264],"these":[249],"demonstrated":[255],"resilience,":[256],"excellence,":[257],"leadership.":[259],"By":[260],"breaking":[261],"longstanding":[262],"gender":[263],"become":[267],"for":[270],"next":[272],"generation,":[273],"both":[274],"globally.":[278],"Bang.":[279],"J":[280],"2025;":[282],"14(2):":[283],"100-106":[284]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-04-24T00:00:00"}