{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155194482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19687894","title":"TCP-BioSync: A Unified Framework for Continuous Quantification of Biological Age through Ontological Binding of Molecular Diagnostics and Digital Physiology","display_name":"TCP-BioSync: A Unified Framework for Continuous Quantification of Biological Age through Ontological Binding of Molecular Diagnostics and Digital Physiology","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155194482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19687894"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19687894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19687894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19687894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19687894","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134355371","display_name":"Sang hyun Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3837-7485","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3837-7485"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Park, Sang hyun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Phydrion Inc"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3837-7485","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Phydrion Inc","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5134355371"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10676","display_name":"Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms","score":0.5181000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1302","display_name":"Aging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10676","display_name":"Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms","score":0.5181000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1302","display_name":"Aging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10342","display_name":"Circadian rhythm and melatonin","score":0.0681999996304512,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10937","display_name":"Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence","score":0.05689999833703041,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-age","display_name":"biological age","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-aging","display_name":"reverse aging","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epigenetic-clocks","display_name":"epigenetic clocks","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-biomarkers","display_name":"digital biomarkers","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-photoplethysmography","display_name":"remote photoplethysmography","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"heart rate variability","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hallmarks-of-aging","display_name":"hallmarks of aging","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geroprotective-interventions","display_name":"geroprotective interventions","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammaging","display_name":"inflammaging","score":0.6809999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.57669997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776303644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1020499","display_name":"Interfacing","level":2,"score":0.5236999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201797286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4914986","display_name":"Biological data","level":2,"score":0.47620001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.47130000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.43869999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152662350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815297","display_name":"Systems biology","level":2,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34862557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178985","display_name":"Ode","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776902269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165493","display_name":"Continuous monitoring","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992768293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623293","display_name":"Metabolic rate","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986265897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23852","display_name":"Human physiology","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79379906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3174497","display_name":"Dynamical systems theory","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88516994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268863","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5297727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786970","display_name":"Autocorrelation","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117717151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589155","display_name":"Epigenome","level":5,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991747559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915075","display_name":"Biological age","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19687894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19687894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19687894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19687895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19687895","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19687895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19687894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19687894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19687894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7155174366","https://openalex.org/W7153562844","https://openalex.org/W7203994759","https://openalex.org/W4416169565","https://openalex.org/W7221173335","https://openalex.org/W7202392198","https://openalex.org/W4415005223","https://openalex.org/W7163700033","https://openalex.org/W4404944573","https://openalex.org/W7160921001"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\"Supplementary":[0],"Material":[1],"S1:":[2],"Python":[3,193],"reference":[4,192],"implementation\"":[5],"Background.":[6],"Human":[7],"biological":[8,80,269],"aging":[9],"evolves":[10],"continuously,":[11],"yet":[12],"its":[13,83],"clinical":[14,281],"measurement":[15],"remains":[16],"confined":[17],"to":[18,43,47,275],"discrete":[19],"snapshots":[20],"\u2014":[21,28,162],"annual":[22],"diagnostics,":[23],"occasional":[24],"epigenetic":[25,168,294],"clock":[26],"assays":[27],"separated":[29],"by":[30],"months":[31],"or":[32],"years.":[33],"This":[34],"temporal":[35],"granularity":[36],"is":[37,273],"incompatible":[38],"with":[39,68,136],"the":[40,45,148,154,186,205,247],"emerging":[41],"need":[42],"monitor":[44],"response":[46],"geroprotective":[48],"interventions":[49],"on":[50,185],"a":[51,57,74,93,140,163,172,201,262,279,285],"daily":[52],"basis.":[53],"Objective.":[54],"To":[55],"establish":[56],"unified":[58],"mathematical":[59,198],"and":[60,82,106,159,170,229,257,283],"computational":[61,308],"framework":[62,251,272],"that":[63,131],"binds":[64],"clinical-grade":[65],"molecular":[66,134,255],"diagnostics":[67,256],"consumer-grade":[69],"continuous":[70,108,164,258],"physiological":[71,110],"signals,":[72],"producing":[73],"medically":[75],"defensible,":[76],"high-temporal-resolution":[77],"estimate":[78],"of":[79,85,166,268,304],"age":[81],"rate":[84,116,301],"change.":[86],"Methods.":[87],"We":[88],"introduce":[89],"TCP-BioSync,":[90],"comprising":[91],"(i)":[92],"three-axis":[94],"data":[95],"schema":[96],"uniting":[97],"six":[98,102],"chronic-disease":[99],"PCR":[100,104],"markers,":[101,105],"reverse-aging":[103],"five":[107],"smartphone-derived":[109],"signals":[111],"(remote":[112],"photoplethysmography":[113],"[rPPG],":[114],"heart":[115,300],"variability":[117],"[HRV],":[118],"inertial":[119],"gait":[120],"symmetry,":[121],"sleep":[122],"quality,":[123],"activity);":[124],"(ii)":[125],"an":[126],"ontological":[127,306],"binding":[128],"operator":[129],"\u2297":[130],"combines":[132],"static":[133],"baselines":[135],"dynamic":[137],"modulators":[138],"under":[139,225,252],"monotonicity-preserving":[141],"formalism;":[142],"(iii)":[143],"three":[144,206],"synchronization":[145],"engines":[146,207],"yielding":[147],"Metabolic":[149],"Energy":[150],"Live":[151,160],"Index":[152,157],"(MELI),":[153],"Real-time":[155],"Inflammaging":[156],"(RIAI),":[158],"\u0394mAge":[161,232],"extension":[165],"Horvath-type":[167],"clocks;":[169],"(iv)":[171],"SHA-256":[173],"hash-chain":[174,312],"integrity":[175,238],"layer":[176],"(Trust":[177],"Code":[178],"Package,":[179],"TCP)":[180],"conferring":[181],"medical-record\u2013grade":[182],"evidentiary":[183],"weight":[184],"resulting":[187],"biomarker":[188],"stream.":[189],"Results.":[190],"A":[191],"implementation":[194],"reproduces":[195],"all":[196],"four":[197],"primitives.":[199],"In":[200],"60-sample":[202],"synthetic":[203],"simulation,":[204],"exhibit":[208],"stable":[209],"numerical":[210],"behaviour":[211],"(E_live":[212],"variance":[213],"<":[214],"1.5":[215],"after":[216],"exponential":[217],"moving-average":[218],"smoothing),":[219],"correctly":[220],"flag":[221],"cardiovascular":[222],"high-risk":[223],"windows":[224],"transient":[226],"LF/HF":[227],"elevation,":[228],"accumulate":[230],"sub-second":[231],"updates":[233],"at":[234],"10\u207b\u2076-year":[235],"resolution.":[236],"Hash-chain":[237],"was":[239],"verified":[240],"across":[241],"61":[242],"records.":[243],"Conclusions.":[244],"TCP-BioSync":[245],"provides":[246],"first":[248],"operationally":[249],"defined":[250],"which":[253],"intermittent":[254],"digital":[259,296],"physiology":[260],"yield":[261],"single,":[263],"legally":[264],"admissible,":[265],"time-resolved":[266],"trajectory":[267],"age.":[270],"The":[271],"designed":[274],"be":[276],"falsifiable":[277],"through":[278],"two-phase":[280],"programme":[282],"establishes":[284],"foundational":[286],"platform":[287],"for":[288],"precision":[289,314],"geroscience.":[290],"Keywords":[291],"reverse":[292],"aging;":[293,305],"clock;":[295,311],"biomarkers;":[297],"remote":[298],"photoplethysmography;":[299],"variability;":[302],"hallmarks":[303],"binding;":[307],"geroscience;":[309],"Horvath":[310],"integrity;":[313],"medicine.":[315]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2026-04-23T00:00:00"}