{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155190881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres16020061","title":"Is Age-Related Hearing Loss a Modifiable Risk Factor for Cognitive Decline? Mechanisms, Evidence, and Future Directions","display_name":"Is Age-Related Hearing Loss a Modifiable Risk Factor for Cognitive Decline? Mechanisms, Evidence, and Future Directions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155190881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres16020061","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42041974"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/audiolres16020061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres16020061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres16020061","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4349/16/2/61/pdf?version=1776776796","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765033720","display_name":"Audiology Research","issn_l":"2039-4330","issn":["2039-4330","2039-4349"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Audiology Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4349/16/2/61/pdf?version=1776776796","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133926869","display_name":"Giovanni Motta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4570-4899","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4570-4899"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140815","display_name":"Ospedale Monaldi","ror":"https://ror.org/0560hqd63","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140815"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Motta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale dei Colli, Ospedale Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4570-4899","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale dei Colli, Ospedale Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036838618","display_name":"Giuseppe Tortoriello","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140815","display_name":"Ospedale Monaldi","ror":"https://ror.org/0560hqd63","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140815"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Tortoriello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale dei Colli, Ospedale Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale dei Colli, Ospedale Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140815"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069912395","display_name":"Domenico Testa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7176-3652","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7176-3652"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Domenico Testa","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENT Unit, Department of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7176-3652","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENT Unit, Department of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133926869"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140815"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1689},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1689},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30264325,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"61","last_page":"61"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10283","display_name":"Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10283","display_name":"Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10334","display_name":"Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2809","display_name":"Sensory Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-hearing-loss","display_name":"age-related hearing loss","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-decline","display_name":"cognitive decline","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia-risk","display_name":"dementia risk","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modifiable-risk-factors","display_name":"modifiable risk factors","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensory-deprivation","display_name":"sensory deprivation","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cortical-reorganization","display_name":"cortical reorganization","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/listening-effort","display_name":"listening effort","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-disengagement","display_name":"social disengagement","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hearing-aids","display_name":"hearing aids","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cochlear-implants","display_name":"cochlear implants","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auditory-rehabilitation","display_name":"hearing rehabilitation","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia-prevention","display_name":"dementia prevention","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.6510000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.7106000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984863031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Cognitive decline","level":4,"score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780493683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16035842","display_name":"Hearing loss","level":2,"score":0.5884000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.54339998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.49950000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.46369999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4514999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.448199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94487597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11101","display_name":"Sensory system","level":2,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.33489999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779912225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756133","display_name":"Presbycusis","level":3,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67739388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579471","display_name":"Cognitive reserve","level":4,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52338299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1004354","display_name":"Functional neuroimaging","level":3,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21046646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2289481","display_name":"Sensory loss","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185711340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5347381","display_name":"Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance","level":3,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134290984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141241","display_name":"Cognitive skill","level":3,"score":0.26249998807907104}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/audiolres16020061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres16020061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres16020061","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4349/16/2/61/pdf?version=1776776796","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765033720","display_name":"Audiology Research","issn_l":"2039-4330","issn":["2039-4330","2039-4349"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Audiology Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42041974","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42041974","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Audiology research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4b82dd264822449da77381bce6eff129","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4b82dd264822449da77381bce6eff129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Audiology Research, Vol 16, Iss 2, p 61 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13113544","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42041974/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Audiol Res","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/audiolres16020061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres16020061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres16020061","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4349/16/2/61/pdf?version=1776776796","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765033720","display_name":"Audiology Research","issn_l":"2039-4330","issn":["2039-4330","2039-4349"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Audiology Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6349579095840454,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7155190881.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7155190881.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1022485597","https://openalex.org/W1998835792","https://openalex.org/W2015312317","https://openalex.org/W2099623128","https://openalex.org/W2122522567","https://openalex.org/W2171600170","https://openalex.org/W2472770001","https://openalex.org/W2736307756","https://openalex.org/W2775253012","https://openalex.org/W2794140222","https://openalex.org/W2796583976","https://openalex.org/W2888863582","https://openalex.org/W3044858780","https://openalex.org/W4384701165","https://openalex.org/W4401164724"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Age-related":[1],"hearing":[2,63,94,149,194],"loss":[3],"(ARHL)":[4],"is":[5,103],"the":[6,49,52,60],"most":[7],"common":[8],"sensory":[9,117],"disorder":[10],"in":[11,140,146],"older":[12],"adults":[13],"and":[14,27,56,65,77,90,97,110,130,137,142,156,162,181,191],"has":[15],"been":[16],"identified":[17],"as":[18,177],"a":[19,178],"potentially":[20,163,182],"modifiable":[21,183],"risk":[22],"factor":[23],"for":[24,200],"cognitive":[25,39,57,108,122,160,186],"decline":[26,109],"dementia.":[28],"Increasing":[29],"evidence":[30,152,174],"suggests":[31,153],"that":[32,154],"auditory":[33,141],"dysfunction":[34],"may":[35,158],"contribute":[36],"to":[37,185],"adverse":[38],"trajectories":[40],"through":[41],"multiple":[42],"interacting":[43],"pathways.":[44],"This":[45],"narrative":[46,72],"review":[47],"examines":[48],"mechanisms":[50,115],"underlying":[51],"association":[53],"between":[54],"ARHL":[55,102,176],"decline,":[58,165],"evaluates":[59],"impact":[61],"of":[62,74,93],"rehabilitation,":[64],"discusses":[66],"future":[67,201],"research":[68],"priorities.":[69],"Methods:":[70],"A":[71],"synthesis":[73],"epidemiological,":[75],"neurobiological,":[76],"interventional":[78],"studies":[79,134],"was":[80],"conducted,":[81],"with":[82,106,148],"emphasis":[83],"on":[84],"longitudinal":[85],"cohort":[86],"studies,":[87],"neuroimaging":[88],"research,":[89],"clinical":[91],"investigations":[92],"aids":[95],"(HAs)":[96],"cochlear":[98],"implants":[99],"(CIs).":[100],"Results:":[101],"consistently":[104],"associated":[105],"accelerated":[107],"increased":[111,121],"dementia":[112,202],"risk.":[113],"Proposed":[114],"include":[116],"deprivation-related":[118],"cortical":[119],"reorganization,":[120],"load":[123],"during":[124],"effortful":[125],"listening,":[126],"shared":[127],"neuropathological":[128],"processes,":[129],"social":[131],"disengagement.":[132],"Neuroimaging":[133],"demonstrate":[135],"structural":[136],"functional":[138],"alterations":[139],"associative":[143],"brain":[144],"regions":[145],"individuals":[147],"loss.":[150],"Emerging":[151],"HA":[155],"CI":[157],"improve":[159],"performance":[161],"attenuate":[164],"although":[166],"long-term":[167],"randomized":[168],"data":[169],"remain":[170],"limited.":[171],"Conclusions:":[172],"Current":[173],"supports":[175],"clinically":[179],"relevant":[180],"contributor":[184],"decline.":[187],"Clarifying":[188],"causal":[189],"pathways":[190],"optimizing":[192],"early":[193],"rehabilitation":[195],"strategies":[196],"represent":[197],"key":[198],"priorities":[199],"prevention":[203],"research.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2026-04-23T00:00:00"}