{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155079520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2026.122126","title":"Assessment of PFI-SI, DISI, and PCC modes in ultra-lean hydrogen engines towards clean and efficient combustion","display_name":"Assessment of PFI-SI, DISI, and PCC modes in ultra-lean hydrogen engines towards clean and efficient combustion","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155079520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2026.122126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2026.122126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2026.122126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2026.122126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105637730","display_name":"Energy Conversion and Management","issn_l":"0196-8904","issn":["0196-8904","1879-2227"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Conversion and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6619353","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100704587","display_name":"Xinlei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3763-0749","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3763-0749"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinlei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CERP, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3763-0749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERP, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004125393","display_name":"Rafael Menaca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3026-6798","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3026-6798"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Menaca","raw_affiliation_strings":["CERP, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3026-6798","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERP, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052179149","display_name":"Fabio Santi Mortellaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8518-0298","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8518-0298"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161797","display_name":"Ferrari (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p859a12","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161797"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Santi Mortellaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ferrari SpA, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ferrari SpA, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119726248","display_name":"Alessandro Carinci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1388-5991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1388-5991"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Carinci","raw_affiliation_strings":["CERP, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1388-5991","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERP, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093688709","display_name":"Kevin Moreno-Cabezas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6571-1282","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6571-1282"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Moreno Cabezas","raw_affiliation_strings":["CERP, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6571-1282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERP, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039777051","display_name":"Hong Geun Im","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7080-1266","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7080-1266"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong G. Im","raw_affiliation_strings":["CERP, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERP, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100704587"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":{"value":4600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4600},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21062655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"369","issue":null,"first_page":"122126","last_page":"122126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10553","display_name":"Combustion and flame dynamics","score":0.007499999832361937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11619","display_name":"Combustion and Detonation Processes","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-engines","display_name":"hydrogen engines","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-lean-combustion","display_name":"ultra-lean combustion","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusive-thermal-instability","display_name":"diffusive-thermal instability","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gasoline-direct-injection","display_name":"gasoline direct injection","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-chamber-combustion","display_name":"pre-chamber combustion","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-stratification","display_name":"mixture stratification","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combustion-stability","display_name":"combustion stability","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-efficiency","display_name":"thermal efficiency","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exhaust-losses","display_name":"exhaust losses","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-load-operation","display_name":"low load operation","score":0.6370000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.8738999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203032635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20962970","display_name":"NOx","level":3,"score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121745418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585536","display_name":"Quenching (fluorescence)","level":3,"score":0.6438000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512968161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556","display_name":"Hydrogen","level":2,"score":0.5454000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780640597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424418","display_name":"Nitrogen oxide","level":4,"score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.42989999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.3968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.3968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.3666999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.3652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019581552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424418","display_name":"Nitrogen oxides","level":2,"score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135889238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46276","display_name":"Kinetic energy","level":2,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184464539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7596890","display_name":"Staged combustion","level":5,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106169591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909434","display_name":"Combustion chamber","level":3,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.25600001215934753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2026.122126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2026.122126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2026.122126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105637730","display_name":"Energy Conversion and Management","issn_l":"0196-8904","issn":["0196-8904","1879-2227"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Conversion and Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.6619353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6619353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6619353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.6619353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6619353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6619353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.878000020980835}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4380093514919281}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486254029","https://openalex.org/W1969643122","https://openalex.org/W1972496393","https://openalex.org/W1972800024","https://openalex.org/W1973085334","https://openalex.org/W1980016266","https://openalex.org/W1986235120","https://openalex.org/W1987265711","https://openalex.org/W1990260176","https://openalex.org/W1996318704","https://openalex.org/W1996852770","https://openalex.org/W2010344622","https://openalex.org/W2024314242","https://openalex.org/W2047518761","https://openalex.org/W2054947612","https://openalex.org/W2067121227","https://openalex.org/W2070859978","https://openalex.org/W2073980956","https://openalex.org/W2074812379","https://openalex.org/W2094571798","https://openalex.org/W2104828129","https://openalex.org/W2114774806","https://openalex.org/W2119958959","https://openalex.org/W2193737846","https://openalex.org/W2550028752","https://openalex.org/W2611598360","https://openalex.org/W2772815339","https://openalex.org/W2790320648","https://openalex.org/W2892059035","https://openalex.org/W2966983354","https://openalex.org/W2996293278","https://openalex.org/W2998171761","https://openalex.org/W3094623707","https://openalex.org/W3203679284","https://openalex.org/W4221046559","https://openalex.org/W4280601857","https://openalex.org/W4283457967","https://openalex.org/W4290052359","https://openalex.org/W4313398167","https://openalex.org/W4327814397","https://openalex.org/W4362634740","https://openalex.org/W4376955517","https://openalex.org/W4391068393","https://openalex.org/W4391592898","https://openalex.org/W4394594139","https://openalex.org/W4400985921","https://openalex.org/W4401388536","https://openalex.org/W4403231369","https://openalex.org/W4406893224","https://openalex.org/W4409742124","https://openalex.org/W4414272902","https://openalex.org/W4416604101","https://openalex.org/W4417105982","https://openalex.org/W7093329026"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2026-04-22T00:00:00"}
