{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154712965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.15255","title":"Democratization of Real-time Multi-Spectral Photoacoustic Imaging: Open-Sourced System Architecture for OPOTEK Phocus & Verasonics Vantage Combination","display_name":"Democratization of Real-time Multi-Spectral Photoacoustic Imaging: Open-Sourced System Architecture for OPOTEK Phocus & Verasonics Vantage Combination","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154712965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.15255"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2604.15255","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15255","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2604.15255","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2604.15255","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024200117","display_name":"Ryo Murakami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5770-5866","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5770-5866"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murakami, Ryo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Engineering ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Engineering ,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133881983","display_name":"Yichuan Tang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tang, Yichuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Engineering ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Engineering ,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077612510","display_name":"Haichong K. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1314-8456","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1314-8456"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Haichong K.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11569","display_name":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-synchronization","display_name":"laser synchronization","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-acquisition","display_name":"data acquisition","score":0.49799999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776303644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1020499","display_name":"Interfacing","level":2,"score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5112000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.5001000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4986000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17058734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064441","display_name":"Democratization","level":4,"score":0.41110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163985040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172399","display_name":"Data acquisition","level":2,"score":0.39649999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54932901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187705","display_name":"Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162932704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058791","display_name":"Synchronizing","level":3,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194739806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66221","display_name":"Computer data storage","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2604.15255","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15255","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2604.15255","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.15255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.15255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.15255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2604.15255","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15255","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2604.15255","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2943090410","display_name":"Multiparametric Photoacoustic Imaging-Based Identification of Aggressive Prostate Cancer","funder_award_id":"DP5OD028162","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000878011","display_name":"Enhanced imaging and treatment of aggressive subtypes of prostate cancer","funder_award_id":"R01CA134675","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7154712965.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7154712965.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3106194857","https://openalex.org/W2793758720","https://openalex.org/W2895807304","https://openalex.org/W2592884703","https://openalex.org/W3049031114","https://openalex.org/W2799673858","https://openalex.org/W2920400720","https://openalex.org/W2530096782","https://openalex.org/W3136541954","https://openalex.org/W2961688187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Real-time":[0],"multi-spectral":[1],"photoacoustic":[2],"imaging":[3],"(RT-mPAI)":[4],"often":[5],"suffers":[6],"from":[7],"synchronization":[8],"instabilities":[9],"when":[10],"interfacing":[11],"fast-tuning":[12],"lasers":[13,42],"with":[14],"data":[15,61],"acquisition":[16],"platforms":[17],"executing":[18],"on":[19],"non-real-time":[20],"operating":[21],"systems.":[22,46],"To":[23],"overcome":[24],"this,":[25],"we":[26,90],"establish":[27],"an":[28,49],"open-source":[29,114],"hardware-software":[30],"architecture":[31],"tailored":[32],"for":[33,52,99],"the":[34,39,64,94],"widely":[35],"adopted":[36],"combination":[37],"of":[38],"OPOTEK":[40],"Phocus":[41],"and":[43,71,79,88,96],"Verasonics":[44],"Vantage":[45],"By":[47,75],"employing":[48],"independent":[50],"micro-controller":[51],"deterministic":[53],"laser":[54],"trigger":[55],"counting":[56],"alongside":[57],"a":[58,81,112],"decoupled":[59],"client-server":[60],"streaming":[62],"framework,":[63],"proposed":[65],"system":[66],"circumvents":[67],"OS-induced":[68],"timing":[69],"deviations":[70],"local":[72],"storage":[73],"bottlenecks.":[74],"open-sourcing":[76],"this":[77],"pipeline":[78],"cultivating":[80],"collaborative":[82],"environment":[83],"to":[84,92,104],"share":[85],"both":[86],"code":[87],"ideas,":[89],"aim":[91],"lower":[93],"technical":[95],"cost":[97],"barriers":[98],"RT-mPAI,":[100],"thereby":[101],"democratizing":[102],"access":[103],"stable":[105],"RT-mPAI":[106],"research":[107],"and,":[108],"more":[109],"ambitiously,":[110],"fostering":[111],"vibrant":[113],"community.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-04-18T00:00:00"}