{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154395103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19570420","title":"Mediation Failure in Protracted Conflicts: Leverage, Consent, and the Political Economy of Negotiation Spoilers","display_name":"Mediation Failure in Protracted Conflicts: Leverage, Consent, and the Political Economy of Negotiation Spoilers","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154395103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19570420"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19570420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19570420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19570420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19570420","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133603189","display_name":"Ph.D., Abraham Kuol Nyuon,","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192929712","display_name":"University of Juba","ror":"https://ror.org/02f1kft51","country_code":"SS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192929712"]}],"countries":["SS"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ph.D., Abraham Kuol Nyuon,","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Juba, South Sudan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Juba, South Sudan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192929712"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133603189"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192929712"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28043596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.9423999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.9423999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12263","display_name":"Peacebuilding and International Security","score":0.052400000393390656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11696","display_name":"Conflict Management and Negotiation","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation-failure","display_name":"mediation failure","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency-theory","display_name":"agency theory","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agreement-implementation","display_name":"agreement implementation","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-sudanese-civil-war","display_name":"South Sudan conflict","score":0.6209999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.7989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6384000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6226000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.6025000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.536899983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21711469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194317","display_name":"Conflict resolution","level":2,"score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3797000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13367683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10860599","display_name":"Internal conflict","level":3,"score":0.3727000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776970286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247309","display_name":"Process tracing","level":3,"score":0.366100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779683958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640893","display_name":"Conflict management","level":2,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140876","display_name":"Party-directed mediation","level":4,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776873219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098607","display_name":"Opportunity structures","level":3,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169087156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2131593","display_name":"Framing (construction)","level":2,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115470510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6987443","display_name":"Negotiation theory","level":3,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139997747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q438484","display_name":"Alternative dispute resolution","level":3,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167054989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282693","display_name":"Dispute mechanism","level":4,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775842811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7157606","display_name":"Peacemaking","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131676636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282696","display_name":"Dispute resolution","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175762713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479560","display_name":"Conciliation","level":3,"score":0.25589999556541443}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19570420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19570420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19570420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19570421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19570421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19570421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.19570420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19570420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19570420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"collapse":[1],"of":[2,10,16,54,90,121,145,169],"the":[3,8,11,14,50,91,99,104,108,143,151,159,166,173],"August":[4],"2015":[5],"Agreement":[6,106],"on":[7,58,86],"Resolution":[9],"Conflict":[12],"in":[13,24,30],"Republic":[15],"South":[17],"Sudan":[18],"(ARCSS)":[19],"highlights":[20],"a":[21,42,162],"broader":[22],"puzzle":[23],"conflict":[25],"resolution:":[26],"why":[27],"mediated":[28,170],"agreements":[29,114,171],"protracted":[31],"civil":[32],"wars":[33],"so":[34],"often":[35],"unravel":[36],"during":[37],"implementation.":[38],"This":[39],"study":[40,160],"develops":[41],"theoretical":[43],"framework":[44],"that":[45,111],"links":[46],"mediator":[47,154],"leverage":[48,155],"to":[49],"internal":[51,119,146],"principal\u2013agent":[52,64],"dynamics":[53],"armed":[55],"factions.":[56],"Drawing":[57],"negotiation":[59],"theory,":[60,62],"spoiler":[61,138],"and":[63,95,103,133,156],"analysis,":[65],"it":[66,141],"shows":[67],"how":[68],"factional":[69,157],"commanders":[70],"frequently":[71],"act":[72],"as":[73,129],"semi-autonomous":[74],"agents":[75],"within":[76],"ostensibly":[77],"unified":[78],"movements,":[79],"undermining":[80],"compliance":[81],"with":[82,98],"negotiated":[83],"settlements.":[84],"Based":[85],"detailed":[87],"process":[88],"tracing":[89],"IGAD-led":[92],"mediation":[93],"(2014\u20132018)":[94],"comparative":[96],"analysis":[97],"Lusaka":[100],"Protocol":[101],"(1994)":[102],"Accra":[105],"(2003),":[107],"findings":[109],"indicate":[110],"externally":[112],"brokered":[113],"are":[115],"especially":[116],"vulnerable":[117],"when":[118,140],"chains":[120],"command":[122],"remain":[123],"fragmented.":[124],"Moreover,":[125],"coercive":[126],"external":[127],"pressure\u2014such":[128],"sanctions,":[130],"arms":[131],"embargoes,":[132],"diplomatic":[134],"isolation\u2014can":[135],"unintentionally":[136],"intensify":[137],"behaviour":[139],"exceeds":[142],"pace":[144],"authority":[147],"consolidation.":[148],"By":[149],"modelling":[150],"interaction":[152],"between":[153],"fragmentation,":[158],"offers":[161],"systematic":[163],"explanation":[164],"for":[165],"recurrent":[167],"failure":[168],"at":[172],"implementation":[174],"stage.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2026-04-15T00:00:00"}